IiFobs eziphambili zeRFID kwiiHotele kunye neeOfisi: Indlela yokukhetha eLungileyo

Isitshixo se-RFID fob sikhangeleka njengeyona nto ilula yomgca kwiprojekthi yolawulo lofikelelo, ithegi encinci yeplastiki kwiringi yesitshixo. Ikwayeyona ndawo inokwenzeka ukuba itshone ukukhutshwa, kwaye phantse ayisoze yasilela emnyango. Iyasilela kwiiveki ezidlulileyo, kwi-odolo yokuthenga, ixesha apho umntu athatha ithegi iya kusebenza ngokulula kunye nezitshixo esele zixhonywe eludongeni. Ngexesha i-pallet ye-fobs eprintwe ngokucocekileyo ifika kwaye idesika yangaphambili ifumana isiqingatha seminyango ayiyi kuvuleka, ixabiso leyunithi eliphantsi liye lathi cwaka libe lelona nani libiza kakhulu kwikota.

 

 

Kutheni ithegi efanayo iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-lobby kunye negumbi leseva

 

Zihlube iinketho zebhokisi kunyei-rfid key fob yolawulo lofikeleloyehla kwizinto ezimbini ezithatha isigqibo sokuba iyasebenza: i-chip ngaphakathi, kwaye nokuba loo chip ihambelana nomfundi wakho okanye isitshixo. Yonke enye into, ukusukaABS okanye ngethwathwakwilogo eprintiweyo kunye nesimbo sokubeka isitshixo, kukunqumle. Lungisa itshiphu kunye ne-encoding ngokuchanekileyo kwaye enye i-logistics; lungisa ngokungalunganga kwaye uhlawule kabini, kube kanye kwiithegi ezingavuli iingcango kwaye kwakhona uku-oda kwakhona okanye ukutshixa okulandelayo. Eso sigqibo sinye seso esi siqwengana sakhiwe ngeenxa zonke, kuba sesona bathengi bahlala betsiba.

 

 

Ukuphindaphinda kunye ne-chip: inxalenye ye-spec ethatha isigqibo ngokwenene

 

Ibhendi	Uluhlu lokufunda oluqhelekileyo	Apho ingena khona	Ukhuseleko lokwenyani
I-LF 125kHz (EM4100, T5577)	~ 10 cm	iingcango zoncedo, iinkqubo zelifa, ukuhamba okusisiseko	usasazo lweziqinisekiso ngokucacileyo; ikhutshelwe kancinci
HF 13.56MHz (MIFARE, DESFire, NFC)	ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 cm	igumbi kunye neengcango zeofisi ezifuna uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo	ixhasa unyaniselwano; I-DESFire EV{0}}iklasi yindlela esetyenziswayo ekhuselekileyo
UHF	ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi	amasango emoto, indawo yokupaka, -uluhlu olude olufundiweyo	uncedo{0}} olukhokelwayo; uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kuyahluka ngemveliso

 

Kuyo nantoni na ekhusela abantu okanye i-asethi, i-fid key fob efihliweyo ye-13.56MHz kufuneka ibe yeyokuqala, kwaye i-125kHz yeyenqanaba lelifa, hayi ukhuseleko. Loo nto ingako yingcebiso eqinileyo, hayi mhlawumbi. Into engazinzanga kukuba yeyiphi i-chip ye-HF, i-MIFARE ethile okanye i-DESFire eyahlukileyo umfundi wakho kunye nesitshixo siya kwamkela, kwaye kulapho ukuhambelana, hayi ukuphindaphinda, kuba lisango lokwenyani.

 

Iindleko zilandelela eso sigqibo setshiphu ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na eprintiweyo kwi-fob: inqanaba le-chip yeyona nto inkulu kwixabiso leyunithi, ngokuprintwa kunye nokugqibezela isekhondi elikude. Aisiseko se-125kHz ithegi kunye ne-encrypted DESFire fobayisiyiyo into ethengiweyo efanayo, kwaye ikhowuti enexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunezinye ihlala ikuxelela ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba ebehleli kuyo ngokuzolileyo.

 

Umsantsa wokhuseleko akukho mntu ushicilelayo kwiphepha lemveliso

 

Amaphepha athile awafane agqume into elandelayo. Impendulo eqhelekileyo ku "ingaba i-rfid key fobs inokwenziwa i-cloned?" iqinisekisa "ezanamhlanje zifihliwe." Impendulo enyanisekileyo kukuba kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ukuba yeyiphi i-chip oyifumene ngokwenene, kwaye inani elimangalisayo labathengi abazi ukuba bafumene ntoni.

 

{0}}i-frequency esezantsi 125kHz fobs zigcina iinkcukacha zazo ngaphandle koguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwaye zisasaze kuye nawuphi na umfundi obuzayo. I-sub{3}}i-$30 yomkhupheli ophathwa ngesandla uphinda enye ngemizuzwana; a Flipper Zero uyenza ngaphantsi kwesekondi, epokothweni. Okubi ngaphezu kokuba ikopi ngokwayo luphicotho -lokungena kwindawo engaboniyo: inkcazo eyi-125kHz ehlanganisiweyo ifaka i-ID efanayo neyokuqala, ngoko ke inkqubo ayinakuxela ikopi kwithegi yokwenene, kwaye ukungena okungagunyaziswanga kunokuhlala kungaziwa iiveki.

 

Inqanaba eliphakathi- alikhuselekanga ngokuzenzekelayo. I-MIFARE Classic, iseyenye yezona zitshiphu zisasazwe ngokubanzi ezingaqhagamshelwanga, ixhomekeke kwi-48-bit cipher (Crypto-1) abaphandi bayichitha kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kunye nezitshixo ezinokufunyanwa kwimizuzu (IYunivesithi yaseRadboud). Kwaye ngo-2024, abaphandi bezokhuseleko babhala i-backdoor ye-hardware kwi-chip ethengiswa ngokubanzi "MIFARE{2}}ehambelanayo", i-Fudan FM11RF08S, kwaye bayifumene kwiihotele kulo lonke elase-US, iYurophu ne-Indiya.Quarkslab). Into engathandekiyo yokuthathwa kukuba "i-MIFARE iyahambelana" kwikoteyishini ayifani "nokhuseleko," kwaye i-chip ehambelana nexabiso eliphantsi inokuthwala umngcipheko ongenakukhankanywa.

 

Enye intsomi imele ukurhoxa: ukutshintshela efowunini-isitshixo esisekwe efowunini ayilophuculo lokhuseleko ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukulinganisa i-chip ebuthathaka kwi-smartphone kuhambisa nje ubuthathaka; ayilisusi. Ukhuseleko luhlala kwiprotocol, hayi kwifom factor.

 

Apho imiyalelo ye-fob ingahambi kakuhle

 

Phantse zonke ii-fid key fob order ezisileleyo zibuyela emva kwenye yeefowuni ezintathu ezithintelwayo, kwaye akukho nanye isiphene sokwenza.

 

Eyokuqala kukuthenga ngexabiso leyunithi kuphela. Isitokhwe esisezantsi kunye ne-lamination ebhityileyo iyaqhekeka kwaye iphele phantsi kokufuma kunye nokungqubana kwemihla ngemihla, kunye ne-fob efa ngenyanga yesine ixabisa kakhulu ekukhutshweni kwakhona kunye nezikhalazo kunamaqhezu eesenti ayigcinileyo. Okwesibini kukuphatha ukuhambelana njengengxaki yomthengisi yokufumanisa emva kokuthumela ngenqanawa; xa i-fob "ifunda kwidesika ye-showroom kodwa ife emnyango," i-chip idla ngokufanelekileyo; ikhowudi okanye itshiphu{2}}uhlobo oluhambelanayo alulunganga, kwaye enye ngaphambili{3}}isampulu yemveliso evavanyiweyo kwisitshixo sokwenyani ibingayibambisa ilize. Okwesithathu kucinga ukuba olona khetho lutsha lolona lukhuselekileyo, xa uphuculo oluselfowuni okanye "oluhambelanayo" lunokubuyisela ngokuzolileyo obona buthathaka ubuzama ukuyila.

 

Ipateni kukunikezela: nganye kwezi ibanjwa linyathelo elingabizi kakhulu, elithathwe phambi kokuba isambuku sibaleke kunokusilandela.

 

Uluhlu lokukhetha onokuthi uluqhube

 

Ngaphambi kokwenza aisiko rfid isitshixo fob kwisakhiwo ofisiokanye umgangatho wehotele ukuya kwimveliso, qinisekisa oku kulandelayo ngokuchasene nendawo yakho yokwenyani, hayi idatabase:

 

• Usapho lwetshiphu kunye nemodeli yetshiphu eyiyo elindelwe ngabafundi bakho okanye izitshixo (uhlobo oluthile lwe-MIFARE okanye i-DESFire, umzekelo), hayi nje "13.56MHz"

 

• Ifomati ye-UID, ikhowudi yoncedo, kunye naluphi na ufakelo lwekhowudi kwinkqubo yakho efunekayo

 

• Inqanaba loguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo oluqinisekisa imeko: i-HF efihliweyo yeengcango, LF kuphela kwizithintelo ezisezantsi{0}}

 

• Nokuba iifobs ziya kufakwa ngekhowudi nguwe-kwisiza okanye{1}}ngaphambili zifakwe ngekhowudi ngumvelisi.

 

• Isampulu yemveliso -yangaphambili ivavanyiwe kwiqhaga lokwenyani, umfundi, ikhowudi kunye nesoftware, hayi ukulinganisa ibhentshi

 

• Kwiihotele, ukuqinisekiswa ngokuchasene nomgca wokutshixa ofakelweyo phambi kwevolumu; kwiiofisi, ukucinywa okuchaziweyo kunye{0}}nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwakhona kweziqinisekiso ezilahlekileyo

 

Qhuba olo luhlu kwaye i-rfid key fob iyahambelana iyeke ukuba yingcakazo kwaye ibe yibhokisi yokukhangela: ihotele{0}}ithegi yegumbi iqinisekisiwe ngokuchasene ne-ecosystem etshixayo, ngelixa ifob ye-ofisi iqinisekiswa ngokuchasene neqonga lolawulo kunye nenkqubo yesiqinisekiso{1}}somjikelo wobomi. Uluhlu olufanayo lokukhangela, ugxininiso olwahlukileyo.

 

Kutheni umenzi emva kwe-fob kubaluleke ngaphezu kwexabiso

 

Zontathu iindlela zokungaphumeleli zabelana ngemvelaphi enye: ziqala kwikhonkco kunye ne-encoding, amanyathelo amabini inkampani yokurhweba ikhupha ngaphandle kwaye ayikwazi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngokuchanekileyo apho uninzi lokusilela kwintsimi luqala khona. Thenga i-rfid key fob kumthengisi kwaye loo manyathelo mabini enzeka kwindawo ongayiboniyo. Thenga kumzi-mveliso osebenzisa i-chip bonding kunye nokufakwa kweekhowudi endlwini-kwaye bahlala ngaphakathi kwenkqubo esemgangathweni.

 

Leyo yimeko yokwenyani yokufumana iifobs ezingundoqo ze-rfid ezisuka ngqo kumvelisi kunokuba kumthengisi: ulawulo lwamanyathelo amabini athatha isigqibo sokuba ingaba isiqinisekiso siyasebenza na, uhlolo olupheleleyo lokugqibela kunokukhangela amabala, kunye nemilinganiselo yesiphene ebanjwe ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye kweyona-imigca yevolumu ephezulu. Ibonakala nakwindlela yokuziphatha kwakhona. Olwethu ikhowudi kunye nokuzinza rhoqo luxinzelelo{3}}luvavanywa ziinkqubo eziphinda zilungelelanise isikali unyaka nonyaka: inkqubo yebhanki{4}}yekhadi ngokolandelelwano lweziqinisekiso ezizizigidi ezibini ngonyaka, ukonwabisa{5}}isihlanganisi sentlawulo yepaki sithatha ezinye izigidi ezibini, kwaye, kwicala le-fob ngokukodwa, isakhiwo sase-French{6}}ingcali yokufikelela{6}}ingcali yofikelelo{}}i-akhawunti enesiqingatha{8}eqhuba iminyaka emihlanu{8} izigidi zamaqhekeza ngonyaka. Ukuphindaphinda iiodolo kweso sikali bubungqina obunyanisekileyo bokuba i-encoding ibambe ixesha elide, hayi nje kwisampulu yetreyi. Ngaphakathi kwimarike ye-RFID ebanzi, exabisa malunga ne-US$15.6 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025 ngokubalwa kwe-IDTechEx, awona manqaku aphezulu{13}}iinqinisekiso zefrikhwensi esetyenziselwa unikezelo olukhuselekileyo lomyalelo oluphezulu kwiyunithi{14}}yexabiso leyunithi kuneethegi ze-UHF ezilahlwayo kanye kuba ukhuseleko yeyona ndawo. Leyo yenye indlela yokutsho itshiphu kulapho imali kunye nomngcipheko zihlala zombini.

 

Ukuba ujonga ukubaleka ngoku, eli linqanaba aphoumzi-mveliso{0}othe ngqo weRFID wokwenziwa kwefob yesitshixoifumana ukugcinwa kwayo: isampuli kunye netshekhi yokuhambelana kwenzeka ngaphambi komthamo, kungekhona emva kwezikhalazo.