125kHz vs 13.56MHz: IiNkcazo zoLawulo lokuFikelela kwiiNkcazo

125kHz vs 13.56MHz: IiNkcazo zoLawulo lokuFikelela kwiiNkcazo

 

 

Imizuzwana elishumi elinesihlanu yokudibanisa i-keyfob ye-125kHz. Iqela lezokhuseleko le-ICT livavanye oku ngo-2023 ngesixhobo se-Amazon esingangee-30 zeedola{4}}ukungabhaxisi ukuba sisebenze kabini, imizuzwana elishumi elinesihlanu. YaboUthelekiso lokhuseleko lobuchwepheshe bekhadi le-ICTkufanelekile ukufunda ukuba ufuna indlela yokusebenza kunye nomxholo wemfuduko obanzi.

 

Sibuzwa malunga nokukhetha rhoqo rhoqo eSyntek. Abaphathi beentengo bafuna impendulo elula, kwaye akukho nanye. I-Frequency imisela i-physics. Ukukhetha i-chip kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Umgangatho wokuvelisa umisela ukuba iziqinisekiso zihlala iminyaka emihlanu okanye ziyasilela emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ezi zizigqibo ezahlukeneyo.

 

 

I-125kHz vs 13.56MHz yokufikelela iziqinisekiso: umahluko osebenzayo

 

Inqaku lesigqibo	125kHz LF Isiqinisekiso	13.56MHz HF Isiqinisekiso
Iitshiphusi zokufikelela eziqhelekileyo	EM4100, TK4100, T5577, HID Prox{3}}iifomati ezihambelanayo	MIFARE Classic, MIFARE Plus, DESFire EV2, DESFire EV3, NTAG yamatyala okusetyenziswa kweNFC
Inzuzo ephambili	Ixabiso leyunithi ephantsi, ukuziphatha okuzinzileyo kokufunda, ukuhambelana kwelifa elibanzi	Imemori engakumbi,{0}}unxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini, iinketho zoqinisekiso olunamandla
Umngcipheko ophambili	Iichips ezininzi ezilungisiweyo- azinaluguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo okanye umngeni{1}}impendulo	Ukhuseleko luxhomekeke kusapho lwe-chip kunye nokusekwa komfundi; CSN-ukufunda kuphela akunamandla
Okona kulungileyo	Umngcipheko ophantsi-amacango, iiphuli, iindawo zokuzivocavoca, ugcino lwelifa, iziqinisekiso zethutyana	Ufikelelo lwenkampani, iinkqubo zehotele, ezininzi-amakhadi esicelo, iindawo zokhuseleko eziphezulu{1}}
Ukuthenga impazamo yokuphepha	Ukusebenzisa okusisigxina-iinkcazi ezikufutshane ze-ID njengolawulo kuphela lwamangeno anovakalelo	Ukuthenga iitshiphusi ezikhuselekileyo kodwa kuqwalaselwe abafundi ukuqinisekisa kuphela inombolo yeserial yekhadi

 

Ukufumana isikhokelo esinzulu sokukhetha rhoqo kwiiprojekthi ze-RFID keyfob, bona inqaku lethuUkukhetha i-frequency echanekileyo yee-keyfobs ze-RFID. Kumboniso ongathathi hlangothi wobugcisa wokusondela, i-MIFARE, kunye ne-DESFire umahluko wekhadi, iUkusondela, i-MIFARE kunye ne-DESFire inkcazo yobugcisaikwaluncedo.

 

Kwi-125kHz, amaza e-electromagnetic adibanisa phakathi kwe-eriyali ye-keyfob kunye nomfundi. Ukudibanisa okuzinzileyo. Amanzi akancitshiswa kakhulu. Umphezulu wesinyithi awuzidali iipateni zophazamiseko ozibona kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu{4}} yiyo loo nto ulawulo lofikelelo kwangethuba lubekwe emgangathweni kubuchwepheshe beLF.

Sisathengisa ii-keyfobs ze-EM4100. Uninzi lwabo. Ukufikelela kwidama, ukwahlulwa kwendawo yangaphakathi, iziqinisekiso zethutyana zekontraka. Kukho iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezisemthethweni apho uthintelo lokhuseleko lwamkelekile kwaye inzuzo yeendleko ibalulekile-$0.15-0.30 ngeyunithi nganye ngevolumu ngokuchasene ne ${6}} yeetshiphusi ezikhuselekileyo zeHF. Ukuba iprojekthi yakho idinga izindlu ezomeleleyo, ushicilelo lwelogo, iinombolo zesiriyali, kunye neenketho ezininzi ze-LF/HF zetshiphu, qala ngeiifobs ezingundoqo ze-ABS RFID zolawulo lofikelelo.

 

Asiyi kubacebisa ukuba bangene kwisakhiwo sokuqala. Ukuvezwa kwetyala akufanelanga ukuba ugcinwe.

 

Ukufudukela kwi-13.56MHz akuzisombululi ngokuzenzekelayo iingxaki zokhuseleko.

 

I-13.56MHz yibhendi yamaza, hayi ibakala lokhuseleko. I-MIFARE Classic, i-MIFARE Plus kwiNqanaba loKhuseleko lwe-3, kunye ne-DESFire EV2 / EV3 bonke bahlala kwihlabathi le-HF, kodwa baziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kwinkqubo yomnyango. Ixabiso eliphantsi-isiqinisekiso se-13.56MHz esisetyenziswa kuphela yi-UID okanye i-CSN ayithelekiseki nesicelo se-DESFire sisebenzisa izitshixo ezidityanisiweyo kunye noqinisekiso oluntsonkothileyo.

 

I-MIFARE Classic yayingumgangatho woshishino iminyaka. I-ISO14443A ehambelanayo, imemori ye-1KB okanye i-4KB, ixhaswa ngokubanzi. I-Crypto1 encryption ibonakala ngokwaneleyo. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseRadboud bayiqhekeza ngo-2008-isiseko sobuthathaka be-cryptographic, akukho kulungiswa kwe-firmware kunokwenzeka. Ifowuni ye-Android enesixhobo se-MIFARE Classic inokubumba ezi ziqinisekiso ngoku.

 

Sithumela{0}}ii-keyfobs ezihambelanayo zogcino lwelifa. Ukuba isakhiwo sakho sinabafundi abangama-50 abaqhuba i-MIFARE Classic kwaye akukho hlahlo lwabiwo-mali yokuphucula, ukuthenga iifobs ezintsha zeClassic zinengqiqo. Ukuyitshintsha nge-DESFire akusayi kunceda ukuba abafundi abanakho ukwenza uqinisekiso olufihliweyo.

Iinketho ezikhuselekileyo ze-HF: I-MIFARE Plus kwimodi ye-SL3 ene-AES enikwe amandla, i-DESFire EV2, i-DESFire EV3. Zonke ziphumeza i-AES{7}}128. I-DESFire EV2 kunye ne-EV3 ziphethe i-EAL5+ isatifikethi sokuthobela ukuthobela. IiNXP'sI-MIFARE DESFire EV3 iphepha ledatha yemvelisokananjalo amaxwebhu ISO/IEC 14443A ukuthotyelwa, hardware cryptographic inkxaso, bhetyebhetye ulawulo isicelo, kunye nemigaqo eqhelekileyo EAL 5+ isiqinisekiso.

 

Iqhosha leqhosha le-DESFire kwisixokelelwano esingafanelekanga sinikezela ngokhuseleko olungaphezu kwe-EM4100. Iqela le-Flipper Zero libhale oku kuhlalutyo lwabo lwe-protocol ye-2023 RFID: iinkqubo ezininzi zokulawula ukufikelela ziqinisekisa usebenzisa kuphela iNombolo yoSiri yeKhadi, nokuba nabafundi be-DESFire bafakiwe. I-CSN ayintsonkothi, ifundeka naso nasiphi na isixhobo se-NFC. A $4 DESFire keyfob yokuqinisekisa nge CSN isebenza kwi $0.20 LF amanqanaba okhuseleko.

 

Sicela abathengi ukuba baqinisekise ubumbeko bomfundi phambi kokucaphula. "Ngaba inkqubo yakho iqinisekisa usebenzisa idatha yecandelo elifihliweyo, okanye i-CSN nje?" Ukuba abazi, siyabaxelela ukuba bafumanise ngaphambi kokuba bachithe imali kwiinkcukacha zeprimiyamu. Isikhokelo sethu kuUkhuseleko lwedatha ye-RFID yokufikelela kwiimqinisekisoichaza ukuba kutheni ii-ID ezisisigxina, iimpendulo ezinokuphinda zidlalelwe, izitshixo ezingagqibekanga, kunye nokuqinisekiswa okungenamandla okubuyela ngasemva kunokujongela phantsi isiqinisekiso esibizileyo.

Ukuba i-hardware yakho ekhoyo ayikwazi ukuxhasa indlela yokuqinisekisa oceba ukuyithenga, ukuphuculwa kwengqinisekiso kuya kusilela emnyango. Xa kunjalo, phinda ujonge iUqwalaselo lomfundi wofikelelo lwe-RFIDphambi kokuvuma imveliso eninzi.

 

Ubume bexabiso leenkcukacha ze-RFID ngobundlobongela azinamda kunye nomthamo.

 

Ixabiso leyunithi yinxalenye enye kuphela yeendleko zesiqinisekiso sokufikelela. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokwenene lubandakanya i-chip grade, i-shell material, ukuprinta, i-UID okanye i-encoding yecandelo, uvavanyo lwesampula, ukuhambelana kwedatha, ukupakishwa, ukuphatha isiphene, kunye nomthamo wokukhutshwa kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Umthengi othelekisa kuphela "ixabiso le-125kHz" kunye "nexabiso le-13.56MHz" unokukhetha eyona nto iphantsi kwaye ahlawule ngakumbi kamva ngofundo olungaphumelelanga, kwakhona{4}}umsebenzi wokufaka iikhowudi, ukutshintshwa komfundi, okanye amatikiti axhasayo.

 

Uhlobo lweChip	Iiyunithi ezili-100	Iiyunithi ezili-1,000	5, 000+ iiyunithi
EM4100/TK4100 (125kHz)	$0.80-1.50	$0.25-0.40	$0.15-0.25
I-T5577 inokuphinda ibhalwe (125kHz)	$1.20-2.00	$0.45-0.70	$0.30-0.50
MIFARE Classic 1K (13.56MHz)	$1.00-2.00	$0.40-0.80	$0.30-0.60
I-DESFire EV2 (13.56MHz)	$4.00-6.00	$2.50-3.50	$2.00-3.00
I-DESFire EV3 (13.56MHz)	$5.00-8.00	$3.00-4.50	$2.50-3.50

 

Umphathi wepropathi odola ii-keyfobs ezingama-200 uhlawula malunga ne-3x ngaphezulu kweyunithi nganye kunomntu oodola i-2,000. Uninzi- lwabasebenzisi beesayithi badibanisa ukuthengwa kwempahla kuzo zonke iipropati. Imibutho enemijikelo yokutshintsha eqikelelwayo iodola imiqulu yonyaka kwangaphambili.

 

T5577 ikwindawo eyodwa. Ngokungafaniyo neetshiphusi ze-UID ezizinzileyo-intsimi ye-UID{3}}enokucwangciswa ngamasuntswana angama-330 enkumbulo elungisekayo{5}inokulinganisa i-EM4100, iHID Prox, i-Indala, ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi. Izibonelelo ezilawula iinkqubo zelifa kubathengisi abaninzi, abadibanisi abadinga{8}}uhlengahlengiso lwendawo: T5577 ibonelela ngoguqulo oluthethelela iprimiyamu encinci ngaphezulu kwe-EM4100. Ukhuseleko lwe-32-bit password alomelelanga ngokwemigangatho yangoku, kodwa luyayeka ukwenza i-cloning eqhelekileyo.

 

Iindleko ezifihliweyo abathengi bahlala bephosa

 

Ixabiso Into	Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile	Indlela Yokuyilawula
Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kunye nokunika iinombolo	Ikhowudi yoncedo engalunganga, ifomathi yebit engalunganga, okanye idatha yecandelo engalunganga inokwenza amakhadi afundeke kodwa angasebenziseki.	Qinisekisa ifomathi yeWiegand, uluhlu lwenombolo yekhadi, ikhowudi yesayithi, kunye nefayile ye-encoding ngaphambi kokuveliswa.
Uvavanyo lwesampulu	Imifuziselo yokufunda, izilawuli zeminyango, kunye neenguqulelo zesoftware zinokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngetshiphu enye.	Vavanya iisampulu ezi-5-10 kwiingcango zangempela ngaphambi kokuvunywa komyalelo omninzi.
Ukutshintshwa komfundi	Iziqinisekiso ezikhuselekileyo ze-HF zinokufuna abafundi abatsha ukuba i-hardware endala ixhasa kuphela ii-ID ezisisigxina ze-LF.	Uphicotho lweencwadi zokufunda ezifakelweyo phambi kokuba wenze isigqibo phakathi kokunye-okuphindaphindayo, okuphindwe kabini-okuphindaphindayo, okanye{2}}ukufuduka kobuchwepheshe kaninzi.
Inqanaba lokusilela	Ibhetshi enexabiso eliphantsi enokulungiswa kwe-eriyali ebuthathaka okanye izindlu ezingekho mgangathweni zinokudala iindleko zenkxaso ezingaphezulu kunokugcina.	Cela uvavanyo lwe-eriyali, i-specs yemathiriyeli, kunye neerekhodi zokuthembeka kokusingqongileyo.
Ukukhutshwa kwakhona kwixesha elizayo	Ikhadi ngalinye elilahlekileyo, umqeshi omtsha, umsebenzi omtsha, okanye ibheji yekontraka iphinda ixabiso lesiqinisekiso.	Sebenzisa isicwangciso somthamo wonyaka kwaye uphephe iipremiyamu eziphindwe kabini{0}}eziphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko.

 

Umgangatho wokuveliswa kulapho iifobs ezingundoqo ezitshiphu zisilelayo.

Umgangatho wale ferrite, ukuchaneka okujikajikayo, ukuhambelana kwecapacitor{0}}ezi kugqiba ukuba ingaba i-keyfob ifundeka ngokuthembekileyo kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zabafundi.

 

Kwi-13.56MHz, i-eriyali idla ngokufakwa ubhedu kwi-PCB substrate. Ukunyamezela ukuveliswa kwemveliso, kodwa i-resonant frequency inovakalelo ngakumbi kwizinto zokusingqongileyo. Nyusa i-keyfob ye-HF ngokuchasene nekhonkco yentsimbi, i-antenna detunes, uluhlu lokufunda luyehla 30-50%. Abavelisi bomgangatho bahlawula kuyilo lwe-antenna kwaye baqinisekise ngovavanyo lwe-VNA ngexesha lemveliso.

 

Sibone iibhetshi ezisuka-kubathengisi abanexabiso eliphantsi abanamazinga anesiphene ngaphezulu kwe-8%. Nge $0.10 ngaphantsi kwiyunithi nganye, ayilogcino leyo-yinkxaso yeendleko ezigqithiselwe kumxhasi.

 

Indawo ebiyelweyo ibalulekile. Iplastiki ye-ABS ngumgangatho woshishino: ukuxhathisa impembelelo, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, ukucaca kweRF. Iikhompawundi zePP ezishibhile ziyaqhekeka kwimozulu ebandayo. Siye saba nabathengi kumantla Yurophu bafumanisa oku xa amaqondo obushushu kaDisemba abangela amabango ewaranti kuzo zonke iipotfoliyo zabo.

 

Kufakelo lwangaphandle: IP65 iphatha imvula nothuli, i-IP68 ithelekelwe ukuntywiliselwa. Umahluko weendleko yi $0.15-0.25 ngeyunithi nganye. Ukutsiba olo hlaziyo kunye nokutshintsha iziqinisekiso ezonakaliswe ngamanzi kubiza ngaphezulu.

 

Uphuculo olusuka kwi-125kHz ukuya kwi-13.56MHz luhlawula nini?

 

Imeko yeshishini lokuphucula ukusuka kwi-LF yelifa ukukhusela i-HF ixhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo. Elona tyala linamandla livela xa iziqinisekiso zikhusela iindawo eziphakamileyo-zexabiso, xa iindlela zophicotho zibalulekile, xa iziqinisekiso ezihlanganisiweyo ziza kudala ukuvezwa ngokusemthethweni, okanye xa ikhadi elinye lilindeleke ukuba lixhase izicelo ezininzi ezifana nokufikelela kwisakhiwo, indawo yokupaka, izinyusi, iilokha, ukuthengisa, okanye ixabiso lobulungu.

 

Ezi projekthi zinokusilela nazo. Silubonile uhlaziyo oluxabisa ngaphezulu kunoko beluqikelelwe, luthathe ixesha elide kunelo belicwangcisiwe, olufunekayo ukutshintshwa komfundi ngaphandle kwemida yoqobo. I-ROI ixhomekeke kwimeko ethile: iziseko ezikhoyo, indawo enobungozi, izinga lokutshintshwa, umgangatho wolawulo lweprojekthi.

 

Umahluko weendleko phakathi kweziqinisekiso ezikhuselekileyo nezingakhuselekanga uye wehla kakhulu. I-DESFire EV2 ebiza i-$ 8-10 nganye ngo-2019 ngoku i-$ 2.50-3.50 ngevolumu.

 

Kabini-ii-eriyali ze-frequency ezizinzisa zombini i-125kHz kunye ne-13.56MHz. Siyazenza. Asibakhuthazi abaxumi ekuzichazeni ngaphandle kokuba kukho isicwangciso esicacileyo senguqu.

 

Ii-eriyali ezimbini ezisondeleleneyo zisondelelene enye kwenye, zidibanisa zombini. Iimfuno zokwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni zongeza isambuku. I-eriyali nganye kufuneka iphuculwe ngokuzimeleyo, ukulungelelana kwenye kuchaphazela enye. Ukuntsokotha kokwenziwa kwemveliso kunyusa izinga leziphene. I-40-60% yeprimiyamu ngaphezulu kwe-frequency enye ihlala inikezela ukusebenza okucuthiweyo kuzo zombini iifrikhwensi.

Kwizakhiwo ezininzi-ezinezixokelelwano ezahlukeneyo kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo, iziqinisekiso ezahlukileyo zikholisa ukusebenza ngakumbi. Ubuhle obuncinci, busebenza ngcono, bubiza kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

 

Isicoci se-LF{0}}ukuya{1}}isicwangciso semfuduko se-HF sikholisa ukumiswa ngomngcipheko. Phucula amagumbi eseva, iiofisi zemali, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, kunye neendawo zokungena eziphambili kuqala. Gcina usezantsi-iingcango zomngcipheko kwilifa elikufutshane kude kube kucwangcisiwe ukutshintshwa komfundi. Ngexesha lotshintsho, khupha iinkcukacha ezimbini-zobuchwephesha kuphela kubasebenzisi abazifunayo zombini iinkqubo. Nje ukuba umfundi wokugqibela we-LF ethathe umhlala-phantsi, yeka ukuthenga kabini{8}}isiqinisekiso sefrikhwensi kwaye uye kwisiqinisekiso esinye esikhuselekileyo se-HF.

 

Iinkcukacha ezicacileyo ezibalulekileyo, ngokusekelwe kukusilela esikubonileyo:

 

 

Ukusasazwa okutsha apho ukhuseleko lubalulekile: DESFIRE EV2 kwi-13.56MHz. I-EV3 yongeza uphuculo oluncinci kumaxabiso eprimiyamu{4}kunzima ukuthethelela ngaphandle kukarhulumente okanye{5}}ukhuseleko lwexabiso eliphezulu. Qinisekisa uqinisekiso lwecandelo elintsonkothileyo, hayi CSN{7}}kuphela. Ibhajethi ye-$ 2.50-4.00 nge-keyfob nganye kwivolumu.

 

Ukugcinwa kwe-LF yelifa apho uhlaziyo lungenakwenzeka: EM4100 okanye TK4100 ngokuhambelana okuthembekileyo ngexabiso elincinci. Yamkela imida yokhuseleko ngononophelo. Ngaba ufuna{4}}ukucwangciswa ngokutsha kwendawo? Hlawula ipremiyamu encinci ye-T5577.

 

Ngeenguqu: ezininzi-izifundo zetekhnoloji kunento ezimbini-ii-keyfobs eziphindaphindwayo. Iprimiyamu yomfundi-lixesha elinye; i-keyfob premium iphinda ibuye nayo yonke isiqinisekiso esikhutshiweyo.

 

Ungagqithisi{0}}ukucacisa. Sicaphule iiprojekthi ezicela i-DESFire EV3 enememori ye-8KB yeenkqubo zobulungu bejim-$4+ nge-keyfob nganye yezakhono abangasoze bazisebenzise. I-DESFire EV2 ene-2KB kwi-$2.50 ihambisa ukusebenza okufanayo kweso sicelo.

 

Ungatsho phantsi{0}}nakuba. Ukungena kwisakhiwo esisisiseko esineziqinisekiso ze-EM4100 sisigqibo sokhuseleko, nokuba senziwe ngengqondo okanye hayi. Ukuba umntu udibanisa i-keyfob kwaye ufumana ukufikelela, umbuzo "kwakutheni ukuze sisebenzise itekhnoloji eyenziwe kancinci?" iya kuza.

 

Ukukhetha rhoqo akukho nzima xa usahlula izigqibo: ifiziksi kukhuseleko kumgangatho wokuvelisa. Uninzi lwesiphithiphithi luvela kwintengiso ebadibanisayo, okanye ukuthengwa kwempahla kugxile kwixabiso leyunithi ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ixabiso elipheleleyo lobunini. Ukuba iqela lakho lisathelekisa i-IC kunye ne-ID ye-ID kwinqanaba elisisiseko, esi sikhokeloIkhadi le-IC vs ukhetho lwekhadi le-ID yolawulo lofikeleloinokunceda ukulinganisa isigama phambi kokuthenga.

 

FAQ: 125kHz vs 13.56MHz iinkcazi zolawulo lokufikelela

 

Ukusebenza ngesigqibo sokusasazwa? Singathanda ukukunceda uchaze ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambili kunokulungisa inkqubo engahambelaniyo kamva.

Amaxabiso abonisa uJanuwari 2025 iireyithi zehoseyile, ziyahluka ngokomthamo kunye neemfuno zeekhowudi. Ukufumana iikowuteshini zeprojekthi, qhagamshelana neentengiso kunye neemfuno zevolumu kunye neenkcukacha zeziseko.