Asebenza Njani Amakhadi Angundoqo EeHotele? I-RFID, iMagstripe, kunye neTekhnoloji engasemva kweTephu

 

Itekhnoloji ezintathu, amabali amathathu okhuseleko ahluke kakhulu

 

Ngaphantsi kophawu, zonke iinkcukacha zegumbi lehotele zisebenza kwenye yetekhnoloji ezintathu, kwaye nganye iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle.

 

Umgca kazibuthe yeyona fomati indala isekwinkonzo yemihla ngemihla. Idatha yeendwendwe iphila njengamasuntswana amagnetic kwibhanti emnyama ngasemva, kwaye iqhaga liyifunda njengoko ikhadi litsala ngesithuba. Umbuzo wekhadi lehotele i-RFID ngokuchasene nemagnethi yomgca wemagnethi udla ngokuqala apha, kuba umgca lukhetho oluphantsi oluxabisa kakhulu kamva: ayigcini nto ngokukhuselekileyo, ithoba isidima sokuphatha, kwaye kwiipropathi ezininzi zisebenzisa{2}}isitokhwe sokunyanzeliswa esisezantsi esinikezela ngekhowudi yaso kwimagnethi elahlekileyo okanye umjikelo oxakekileyo we-encoding kwakamsinya kunokuba abantu belindele.

 

Amakhadi e-RFID athengisa ngokuswayipha kwimpompo, kwaye kulapho ukuqonda ukuba amakhadi e-RFID abalulekileyo ehotele asebenza njani kuba nomdla. I-chip encinci kunye nekhoyili ye-antenna yobhedu ihlala itywinwe kwiplastiki. Umfundi kwiqhaga uphosa ibala lerediyo, loo ntsimi inika amandla itshiphu ngaphandle kwebhetri kwaye akukho mfowunelwa, kwaye i-chip iphendula ngesiqinisekiso sayo esigciniweyo. I-Frequency yinkcukacha uninzi lwabachazi abalutsibayo.Amakhadi okufikelela kwilifa aqhutywa nge-125 kHz, ibhendi yefrikhwensi esezantsi{1}ephantse akukho khuseleko.; umgangatho wale mihla yi-13.56 MHz, -ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu ekwabelwana ngayo lusapho lwetshiphu ye-MIFARE kunye ne-NFC. Ifiziksi efanayo, ukhuseleko olwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi itshiphu ekhwele phezulu.

 

 

Izitshixo eziphathwayo ze-NFC zowona maleko mtsha, ngaphantsi kwembono entsha kune-13.56 MHz utshintshiselwano oluye lwasiwa kwifowuni, elinganisa ikhadi kwaye ithethe neBluetooth{1}}isitshixo esikwaziyo ukusebenzisa iinkcazi ezikhutshwe kwisheke yeselula-ngaphakathi. Utsalo luyasebenza, hayi olusefashonini kuphela: Uphando lwaseCornell lufumanise ukuba ukulinda imizuzu emihlanu-ukungena{5}}kunganciphisa ukwaneliseka kweendwendwe kangangesiqingatha (Inethiwekhi ye-BDC), kwaye ukutsiba idesika kukuleqa iihotele ezihlawulelwayo. Imali ilandela umkhwa, kunye nobuchwepheshe behotele obungaqhagamshelwanga buxabisa kufutshane ne-US $ 4.8 yebhiliyoni ngo-2025 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kufikelela malunga ne-14.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2034 (Idathaintelo), kwaye enye ikhonkco enkulu yayinezitshixo ezihambayo zihlala kwiihotele ezingaphezu kwe-1,800 ekupheleni kuka-2019 (ITekhnoloji yoBundwendwe). Ukhetho lwefrikhwensi lubaluleke kakhulu xa ukhankanya ihardware yokutshixa. YethuUkwahlulwa kwe-RFID ngokuchasene ne-NFC kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa nganyeigubungela eso sigqibo, kodwa kulwakhiwo olutsha lwehotele, i-13.56 MHz ngoku ngumgangatho osebenzayo.

 

Ngaphakathi kwisiqingatha{0}}sesibini xa ucango luvuleka

 

Umnyango wehotele ufunda ikhadi lakho kwaye uthatha isigqibo kwiqhekeza lesibini, kwaye amanyathelo alula kunokuba isantya sicebisa.Umfundi ukhupha indawo kanomathotholo, i-chip ye-passive ivusa kwaye ibuyisela ubungqina obubhaliweyo kuyo, umlawuli wesitshixo uthelekisa oko ngokuchasene nomgaqo wofikelelo awubambe, kwaye ukuba igumbi kunye nemihla yomgca, iqhuba ibholithi. Leyo yindlela ikhadi leqhosha lehotele elisebenza kwinqanaba elibonwa lundwendwe.

 

Into eqhuba ngaphantsi yinxalenye ekufanele ukuba uyazi: uninzi lwezitshixo zeminyango yehotele azikho kwi-intanethi. Akukho kukhangela iseva ephilayo, akukho ntambo yenethiwekhi. Oko kwenziwa ngabom, kuba ivumela ipropathi ukuba iqhube amawaka eengcango kumandla ebhetri ngaphandle kocingo lwe-IT kwisakhelo ngasinye. I-tradeoff kukuba i-logic yemvume kufuneka iphile ekhadini ngokwayo, yiyo loo nto isiqinisekiso sakho sithwala ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwaye siyeke ukusebenza ekuphumeni kunokuba ucinywe ukude, kwaye, njengoko irekhodi lokhuseleko libonisa, kutheni ikhadi elibunjiweyo eliphethe idatha efanelekileyo linokuvulwa umnyango wedesika engaphambili engazange igunyaziswe. Kwikhadi{4}}abakhandi becala kwinqanaba elinye phantsi, umchazi wethuyintoni i-RFID egcina i-smart card kwaye iphendula njaniiya nzulu.

 

Yintoni eliyaziyo ikhadi lakho ngawe, kwaye elingakwaziyo

 

Ixhala eliqhubekayo labucala lifanelekile ukuba lilungiswe ngokucacileyo. Ikhadi legumbi lasehotele lidla ngokuba nenombolo yegumbi, ukungena kwakho-ukungena kunye nokuphuma{2}}imihla yokuphuma, kunye neemvume zofikelelo ezibotshelelwe kwikhowudi kuphela eqondwa yinkqubo yendawo. Ikhadi lehotele elifakwe ngokufanelekileyo lingenalo ligama lakho, idilesi yekhaya lakho, okanye iinkcukacha zakho zentlawulo. Ikhadi luphawu olukhomba kwirekhodi ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yehotele, kungekhona ikopi yaloo rekhodi. Yilahle esitratweni kwaye umfumani akafundi nto ngawe; kulwazi lwangoku olufihliweyo, abakwazi nokulujika lube sisitshixo sokusebenza ngaphandle kokude kwemini enomdla.

 

 

Imbali yokhuseleko iincwadana zishiya ngaphandle

 

Asebenza njani amakhadi angundoqo ehotele athatha isigqibo esingaphaya kokulungelwa:itekhnoloji ye-chip ngaphakathi ibeka isilingi malunga nokuba ucango lukhuselekile kangakanani, kwaye ishishini lichithe ngaphezu kweshumi leminyaka lingqina oko.

 

Ngo-2012, umphuhlisi we-Mozilla wajika umphandi ogama lingu-Cody Brocious waya kwi-Black Hat USA iqonga e-Las Vegas ngegajethi eyakhiwe ukusuka kwibhodi ye-Arduino eqikelelwa amashumi amahlanu eedola. Wayiplaga kumandla -kunye{4}}nezibuko lokuprograma ngaphantsi kwesitshixo se-elektroniki se-Onity esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, wafunda inkumbulo yesitshixo, waza wavula ucango. Ezo zitshixo zazihlala kumagumbi aqikelelwa kwizigidi ezine ukuya kwezintlanu ehlabathini lonke. Kwisithuba nje seenyanga ubugcisa obufanayo buvele kubuqhetseba bokwenyani, kuqukwa nelaptop ebiweyo kwi-Hyatt e-Houston's Galleria, apho amapolisa kamva abamba umrhanelwa; Unyango luka-Onity yayiyiplagi yezibuko yasimahla kunye ne-firmware-kwaye{8}}ne{8}}yesekethe{9}}uphuculo lwebhodi ilindeleke ukuba iihotele zihlawule, kwaye ukwamkelwa kutsalwa (Irejista).

 

Ityala lika-2024 kunzima ukulisusa. Iqela lophando lidize uthotho lweziphene ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Unsaflok efikelele kwiminyango emalunga nezigidi ezithathu kwiipropathi ezimalunga ne-13,000 kumazwe ali-131.Ikhompyutha yokulala). Uhlaselo lwalufuna iqhosha elinye elifundwayo kwipropati kunye nombhali ophantsi ukwenza amakhadi amabini abunjiweyo, kwaye isizathu sokuba kuthatha ezimbini kufanelekile ukuqonda: ikhadi lokuqala libhala kwakhona imeko yangaphakathi yokutshixa, kwaye kuphela emva koko ikhadi lesibini liyivula (Unsaflok). Isebenzile ngenxa yokuba ezo zitshixo zayame kwikhadi le-MIFARE Classic eligugayo elinesitshixo sesitshixo esinokubuyiselwa umva-enziwe ngobunjineli, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ibholithi inokutsalwa kwisoftware, i-deadbolt ayizange inike umva wokwenyani. Olo fikelelo-nobuthathaka bolawulo lwetshiphu lufikelela ngaphaya kophawu lwesitshixo, yiyo loo nto ukhetho lwesiqinisekiso endaweni yokutshixa lulawulo lokwenyani, urhwebo esilubekayo kwinqaku lethuukufikelela-lawula ukhuseleko lwekhadi kunye nendlela yokukhetha.

 

 

Ngokwahlukileyo, abaphandi kamva bafumana i-hardware backdoor kwi-MIFARE{0}}iitshiphusi ezihambelanayo ezenziwe e-China, uhlobo esele lukwiihotele kulo lonke elase-US, i-Europe, kunye ne-Indiya (TechRadar). Omathathu amabali anesifundo esinye: "isebenza kwi-RFID, ngoko ikhuselekile" sisivakalisi esigugile kakubi.

 

Ukuba uthenga okanye ucacise la makhadi, funda ukusilela ngasemva

 

Ikhadi le-RFID elifihliweyo kunzima ukulifanisa kunomgca wemagnethi. Eso sihloko sichanekile, kwaye isishwankathelo se-AI siya kuphinda siphinde sivuya. Oko esi sivakalisi sishiya ngokuzolileyo kuguquko oluthatha isigqibo sokuba ipropathi yakho ikhuselekile:yeyiphi intsapho ye-chip ehlala ngaphakathi, kwaye i-silicon yekabani. Leyo yinxenye ababoneleli abaninzi abangayi kuphakamisa ngokwabo, kwaye kulapho umbono wefektri udibanisa iindlela kunye nomthengisi.

 

I-Bare MIFARE Classic iphumile etafileni ngoku, nokuba ithini na ipropathi, ngenxa yokuba ukuvezwa kwe-Unsaflok kwenze loo mnxeba usisigxina kunye ne-chip cryptographically yaphukile ukusukela ngo-2008 akukho shishini lokugada igumbi leendwendwe. Into eseleyo ukugqiba kukuba loluphi uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo{2}}i-chip yebakala elingana nezitshixo zakho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nokukhutshwa, kunye nokukhetha amakhadi angundoqo ehotele ahlulahlulwe ngokucocekileyo abe ngamatyala amathathu. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye ihotele yelifa esele iqhuba i-magstripe inokuyigcina ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iqinise inkqubo yedesika kwaye kwakhona{4}}i-encoding coceko, kuba ukukrazula izixhobo zokusebenza ukuleqa isoyikiso iindwendwe zayo soze idibane luhlobo lwayo lwenkunkuma. Uluhlu oluphakathi{6}}lolwakhiwo olutsha alunasizathu sokuchaza ngezantsi a13.56 MHz isiqinisekiso esifihliweyo. I-Flegship layering ye-NFC yezitshixo zeselfowuni zisafuna ikhadi lokubuyisela umva elifihliweyo, kuba oko kubuyela umva yeyona nto umhlaseli ahamba emva kwayo.

 

Lo msebenzi wokuthelekisa yinto esiyenzela abathengi abanobubele: ukufaka iziqinisekiso kwimodeli yogrogriso, ukuhambisa ukuthengwa kwempahla kucocekile kwiintsapho zetshiphu ezaphukileyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuvela kwesilicon ukuze ucango lwangasemva lungafiki{0}}lusongekile. Inyathelo elithatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba iingcango zakho zikhuselekile yileyo ingaprintwanga apha: ngawaphi amaxwebhu ogunyaziso oza kufunwa kumthengisi wetshiphu, indlela yokuqinisekisa i-NXP yokwenyani okanye inxalenye ye-Infineon endaweni ye-clone engagunyaziswanga, kunye nendlela yokufunda amakhadi akhoyo epropathi phambi kokuba uphinde u-odole. Olo luhlu lokukhangela abathengisi abaguquguqukayo bahlala bethule malunga, kwaye siya kwabelana nathi xa sicela. Ukuba ukhangelaisiko{0}}isitshixo samakhadi asehotele afakwe kwikhowudi eqinisekisiweyo, efihliweyo{1}}itshiphu yebakala, vula incoko ngetshiphu, kungekhona umsebenzi wobugcisa; iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide ezandisa ukungena kumachibi, iindawo zokuzipholisa, kunye nemimandla yemisitho, ingqiqo efanayo ingenaI-RFID wristbands yehotele kunye nokufikelela kwi-resort, kwaye kwiIithegi ze-RFID zokuhlamba iimpahlaezihambisa ilinen ngasemva{0}}kwe{1}}kwezixokelelwano zendlu.

 

Umgca ongezantsi

 

Iinkqubo zamakhadi angundoqo ehotele zisebenza njani zehla ziye kwicandelo elinye, itshiphu, kwaye umzi-mveliso uhlawule ngokungayihoyi kwiingcango ezizigidi ezithathu. Phambi kokuba ikhadi lakho elilandelayo lithunyelwe ngenqanawa, qinisekisa ukuveliswa kwetshiphu kunye nomthombo wayo, phatha nantoni na eyakhelwe kwi-MIFARE Classic engenanto njengengeyosiqalo, kwaye ucele umboneleli wakho ukuba abonise ubungqina. Ukuba abanako, yimpendulo yakho leyo, kwaye lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuzisa umzi-mveliso onakho.