I-Proximity Card Vs Smart Card: Iiyantlukwano eziphambili, iingozi zoKhuseleko, kunye nendlela yokukhetha
Jul 17, 2026
Shiya umyalezo
Esi sikhokelo sibandakanya indlela elisebenza ngayo ikhadi ngalinye, apho amakhadi eproksi asilela khona kukhuseleko, indlela yokuchonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo oluqhubayo ngoku, loluphi uphuculo oluxabisa ngokwenene, kwaye kobuphi ubuchwephesha obuhambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Lisebenza njani iKhadi elikufutshane
Ikhadi elikufutshane ligama lokwenziwa, elingenalo uqhagamshelwano elisebenzayo125 kHz(i-frequency ephantsi). Bamba enye kufutshane nomfundi ohambelanayo kwaye indawo yomfundi ye-electromagnetic inika amandla ikhoyili ye-eriyali yangaphakathi yekhadi. Itshiphu iyavuka, isasaze inombolo yesazisi engatshintshiyo - ngokwesiqhelo ikhowudi yoncedo kunye nenombolo yekhadi ekhowudwe nge-26{4}}bit Wiegand ifomathi - kwaye ihamba izolile. Akukho bhetri, akukho nxibelelwano, akukho ntsebenziswano ngaphaya kosasazo olunye.
Ikhadi ligcina kancinci kakhulu: malunga namasuntswana angama-64 edatha, anele ezo zichongi zimbini kwaye akukho nto iyenye. Akukho buchule bokwenza kwaye akukho guqulelo oluntsonkothileyo. I-ID efanayo ihanjiswa ngalo lonke ixesha ikhadi lingena kuyo nayiphi na indawo ye-125 kHz - kuquka enye eyenziwe ngumhlaseli. Umfundi-ukuya{7}}kwikhonkco lonxibelelwano lomlawuli (iWiegand protocol) nayo ayintsonkothi.
Amakhadi okusondela e-125 kHzngokwesiqhelo ziza njengetyala-ikhadi{1}}amakhadi ePVC obungakanani okanye iifobs ezixineneyo. Azibizi kwaye kulula ukuzifaka - ukusetwa komfundi omnye{4}}akufuni khadi{5}}kubumbeko lwesoftware esecaleni. Obo lula seso sizathu sokuba bahlale ixesha elide kangaka emarikeni, nanjengoko imida yabo yokhuseleko iye yaba nzima ukuyihoya.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo: ukungena kwisakhiwo, izithintelo zokupaka, ii-turnstiles, kunye nayiphi na indawo apho injongo kukungena kumnyango wokungena kunokuba i-cryptographically iqinisekise isazisi.
Isebenza Njani Ikhadi Elihlakaniphile - kwaye Kutheni Lahluke Ngokusisiseko
Ikhadi elihlakaniphile lisebenza13.56 MHz(i-frequency ephezulu) kwaye iqulethe i-microprocessor edibeneyo - hayi nje ikhoyili kunye ne-chip esebenzayo. Xa zinikezelwe kumfundi ohambelanayo, ezi zixhobo zibini ziqhuba ukuxhawulana ngesandla kwe-cryptographic phambi kokuba nayiphi na idatha yobungqina butshintshe izandla. Ikhadi libala iimpendulo kwimingeni yabafundi, umfundi wenza okufanayo ngokubuyisela, kwaye akukho cala lihambisa i-ID engatshintshiyo enokuthi iphindwe kwakhona kamva.
Ngenxa yokuba ubalo lwenzeka ekhadini ngokwalo, idatha yenkcaza enovakalelo ayifuni ukuba ihambe ngendlela efundekayo. Umfundi ufumana i-cryptographic proof of identity. Oku kuqinisekisana, akukho kwaphela kwiinkqubo zamakhadi e-prox, sisiseko sokhuseleko lwekhadi elihlakaniphile.
Amakhadi e-Smart nawo agcina ngaphezulu kwekhadi le-prox - ngokwesiqhelo 2 KB ukuya ku-72 KB ngokuxhomekeke kwitshiphu - kwaye ixhasa usetyenziso oluninzi ngaxeshanye. Umntu omnyeISO 14443A smart khadiingaphatha isiqinisekiso sokufikelela kwisakhiwo, isatifikethi sokungena kwindawo yokusebenzela, iprofayile yentlawulo yecafeteria, kunye nexesha-kunye{1}}nerekhodi lokuzimasa. Amakhadi e-Prox akanakubamba nanye kuloo nto.
Umgangatho obalaseleyo wolawulo lofikelelo amakhadi e-smartISO/IEC 14443- iinkcukacha ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa ngamakhadi entlawulo ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano. Iintsapho ze-chip eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-MIFARE Classic, i-MIFARE DESFire EV2/EV3, kunye ne-HID iCLASS. Inqaku elinye kwi-MIFARE Classic: abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseRadboud babonise ngo-2008 ukuba i-Crypto yobunikazi-1 i-cipher isesichengeni kuhlaselo olungundoqo{11}}lokubuyisela kwakhona. I-DESFire EV2 kunye ne-EV3 isebenzisa i-encryption ye-AES kwaye yindlela ekhuselekileyo yesizukulwana sangoku sokusasazwa okutsha.
Amakhadi e-Smart ayafumaneka njengamakhadi e-PVC aqhelekileyo, iifobs eziphambili, kunye - nokhathalelo lwempilo kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo zesiganeko - iibhanti zesihlahla.RFID wristbandseyakhelwe kwi-13.56 MHz iitshiphusi zamakhadi esmart zisetyenziswa njengeebhanti zabantwana ezibhedlele, kwiipaki zemixholo, nakwiinkampu zasehlotyeni, apho abasebenzi bafuna zombini unxibelelwano olulula kunye nesiqinisekiso sesazisi esithembekileyo kubantwana abangakwaziyo ukuphatha ikhadi.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili ngokuJonga krwada
| Uphawu | Ikhadi elikufutshane | Smart Card |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuphindaphinda | 125 kHz (LF) | 13.56 MHz (HF) |
| hardware yangaphakathi | Ikhoyili ye-Passive + i-IC esisiseko | I-Microprocessor + i-eriyali |
| Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwedatha | Akukho nanye | AES / 3DES |
| Umthamo wenkumbulo | ~ 64 bits | 2 KB – 72 KB |
| Ungqinisiso oludibeneyo | Hayi | Ewe |
| Umfundi-uku{1}kulawulo lomthetho | Wiegand (engabhalwanga) | OSDP (encrypted) okanye Wiegand |
| Inkxaso yezicelo ezininzi- | Hayi | Ewe |
| Umngcipheko wokuvala | Phezulu | Isezantsi kakhulu |
| Ukurhoxiswa kwesiqinisekiso esikude | Hayi (ngesandla,{0}}ngomnyango) | Ewe (inkqubo-banzi) |
| Malunga. nge-ixabiso lekhadi | $1–$5 | $2–$20+ |
Amangeno amabini kule theyibhile afanele umongo ngakumbi.I-OSDP (Vula iProtokholi yesiXhobo esiLawulwayo)lufakelo lwangoku lwe Wiegand kumfundi-ukuya{1}}kwikhonkco lomlawuli. Uninzi lweenkqubo zekhadi le-prox zisebenzisa i-Wiegand - iprotocol engafihlwanga eyaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1980. I-OSDP ithatha indawo yaleyo nge-AES-128-encrypted, unxibelelwano olunamacala amabini. Abafundi bekhadi le-Smart abanenkxaso ye-OSDP bavala ukuba semngciphekweni kwe-Wiegand ngokupheleleyo, ingeyiyo nje ingozi yekhadi-cloning.Urhoxiso olukudelelinye iadvanteji engaxatyiswanga kakhulu: xa ikhadi elihlakaniphile lilahlekile okanye umqeshwa ehamba, inkqubo yolawulo lwekhadi ingenza ukuba ubungqina bungasebenzi kuzo zonke iingcango ngaxeshanye. Isiqinisekiso sekhadi le-prox kufuneka sisuswe ngesandla kwiziko ledatha lomlawuli ngamnye - kwaye ukuba elo nyathelo lilibazisekile, ubungqina buhlala buphila.
Umsantsa woKhuseleko: Ijongeka njani imingcipheko eneneni
Ingxaki engundoqo ngamakhadi okusondela kuyilo lwezakhiwo. Basasaza isazisi esingaguqukiyo, esingafihlwanga kuyo nayiphi na indawo ye-electromagnetic eyi-125 kHz - kuquka enye eyenziwa ngumhlaseli. Ii-vectors ezintathu ezisebenzayo zilandela ngokuthe ngqo kolu yilo:
Ukwenza ikhadi.I-125 kHz izixhobo zokufunda/ukubhala ziyafumaneka kurhwebo kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Ukufunda isiqinisekiso sekhadi le-prox kuthatha imizuzwana; ukuyibhala kwikhadi elingenanto kuthatha ezimbalwa ngaphezulu. I-clone yesiphumo ayinakucaciswa ngombane kwi-original. Umnini wekhadi akanalo isalathiso sokuba kwenzeke, kwaye ilogi yokufikelela ibonisa ukuskena okuqhelekileyo.
Wiegend interception.Nokuba ukubumba ikhadi bekuthintelwe ngandlel' ithile, ikhonkco le-Wiegand phakathi komfundi kunye nomlawuli lidlulisela ngokubhaliweyo okucacileyo. Isixhobo esincinci esifakwe ngaphakathi okanye emva kwendawo evalelweyo yomfundi - ngaphandle kwamehlo, phakathi kodonga kunye nomfundi - singabhala zonke iinkcukacha ezithe cwaka. Akukho ukuphazamisana okubonakalayo, akukho silumkiso senkqubo.
Akukho ukurhoxiswa okuzenzekelayo.Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, inkcazi yekhadi{0}}lomqeshwa lihlala lisemthethweni de umntu alisuse ngesandla kumlawuli ngamnye ofanelekileyo. Loo msantsa udla ngokulinganiswa ngeentsuku okanye iiveki xa kusenziwa.
Uhlaselo lwekhadi elikufutshane lusebenza luzolile. Inkcazi eqinisekisiweyo ivelisa amangenelo elog yofikelelo afana nalawo omsebenzisi osemthethweni. Akukho nto ingaqhelekanga, akukho silumkiso, kwaye rhoqo akukho phando de kubekho enye into ebangela uphononongo. Leyo yinxenye engabonakali kumaphepha enkcazo.
Kwimibutho efuna ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo lokwenziwa kwamakhadi eprox agcinwe kwizipaji, iRFID ukuvalela ikhadiinikeza ukuthomalalisa ngokuchasene nokuskena okungenelelayo - nangona ingenzi nto ukujongana nomba weWiegand wothintelo kwicala lomfundi.
Ungaxela Njani Ikhadi Onalo Ngoku
Ngaphambi kokucwangcisa naluphi na uphuculo, kufuneka wazi ukuba yeyiphi itekhnoloji esebenzayo kwindawo yakho.
Inyathelo 1 - Ukuskena i-smartphone.Faka izixhobo ze-NFC (simahla, i-Android) kwaye ubambe ikhadi emcaba ngasemva kwefowuni. Ukuba i-app ifunda nayiphi na idatha yechip, yikhadi le-smart 13.56 MHz. Ukuba akukho nto yenzekayo, iphantse ibe likhadi le-prox le-125 kHz, i-Android NFC ayikwazi ukuyifunda.
Inyathelo 2 - Uhlolo lomzimba.Bamba ikhadi phantsi kwesibane esinamandla. Amakhadi ahlakaniphile ahlala ebonisa iikhonto zangaphakathi ezibuthathaka - isithunzi sekhoyili ye-eriyali kunye nomaleko wetshiphu. Amakhadi e-prox akhangeleka ngokufanayo. Iphepha elibonakalayo legolide okanye isilivere ebusweni libonisa uqhagamshelwano{4}}imowudi yekhadi elinobuchule, elixhaphakileyo kumakhadi e-PIV karhulumente.
Inyathelo 3 - Iphepha elithile le-Reader.Jonga inombolo yemodeli yabafundi bakho abafakelweyo. Iphepha ledatha liya kudwelisa amaza axhasiweyo. "125 kHz," "HID Prox," "EM4100," okanye "TK4100" ithetha iproksi. "13.56 MHz," "MIFARE," "ISO 14443," okanye "iCLASS" ithetha ikhadi elihlakaniphile. Ukuba zombini zivela, sele unezixhobo eziphindwe kabini-eziphindaphindwayo.
Ixabiso: Imbono Eyinyani
Onke amanani aqikelelwa ngowama-2024–2025; qinisekisa amaxabiso angoku kunye nabathengisi phambi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
- 125 kHz amakhadi kufutshane: $1–$5 ikhadi ngalinye
- MIFARE Classic amakhadi smart: $2–$6 ikhadi ngalinye
- MIFARE DESFire EV3 / iCLASS SEOS: $6–$20+ ngekhadi ngalinye
- Abafundi bekhadi elikufutshane: $50–$200 ngomnyango ngamnye
- Abafundi bekhadi le-Smart: $80–$300 ngomnyango ngamnye
- Ababini-abafunda rhoqo(funda zombini iindidi zamakhadi): $100–$400 ngomnyango
Umsantsa wexabiso{{0}ngekhadi ngalinye phakathi kweproksi kunye nongeniso{1}}inqanaba lamakhadi ahlakaniphile lincinci kunelo lilindelwe ngabantu abaninzi - malunga ne-$1–$3 ngesiqinisekiso. Ixabiso elikhulu langaphambili yihardware yokufunda. Yiyo loo nto abafundi abakwi-frequency-besisiqalo esisebenzayo kuninzi lokufuduka: amakhadi eprox asele ekhona ahlala esebenza ngelixa amakhadi e-smart ekhutshwa ngaxeshanye, enqanda nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka ekufikeleleni kwemihla ngemihla.
Ubalo lweendleko lulonke lukwafuna ukuquka ukuba isiganeko sokhuseleko sekhadi leproksi zibiza ntoni na - ukutshintshwa kweziqinisekiso, uphando, kunye nengxelo enokubakho yolawulo. Elo nani linokugqithisa iminyaka yotyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo zekhadi le-smart.
Yeyiphi iTekhnoloji ehambelana neyiphi iNdawo?
Ukhathalelo lwempilo.Amakhadi e-Smart lukhetho olusebenzayo. Iimeko zeklinikhi zifuna ulawulo lokufikelela ngokwasemzimbeni (amagumbi amayeza, iindawo ezithintelweyo) kunye nolawulo lofikelelo olusengqiqweni (ukungena kwi-EHR workstation login) kwisiqinisekiso esifanayo. Iimfuno zophicotho lwe-HIPAA zilungelelaniswa nokungena kwi-smart card yokungena.Ukufikelela kulawulo lokufundaezixhasa yomibini imisebenzi zisemgangathweni kwizakhiwo zezibhedlele zanamhlanje. Kwiiwodi zabantwana kunye nababelekayo, iintambo ze-RFID zabantwana ezisebenzisa iitshiphusi zekhadi ezihlakaniphile zivumela abasebenzi balandelele izigulana kwaye bathintele ukuphuma okungagunyaziswanga - kusetyenziso oluthe ngqo lwesiseko sesiqinisekiso esifanayo.
Urhulumente.PIV (Personal Identity Verification) amakhadi, afunekayo phantsiFIPS 201kubasebenzi federal ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente, amakhadi smart. Amakhadi akufutshane akadibani ne-HSPD{3}}12 okanye izakhelo zayo zokulandela. Amaqumrhu angengawo amaqumrhu asebenza phantsi kweemfuneko ezifanayo zokuthotyelwa kufuneka alandele icala elifanayo.
Imfundo ephezulu.Iiyunivesithi zihlala zisebenzisa ikhadi elinye ukufikelela kwiholo yokuhlala, kwiinkonzo zamathala eencwadi, indawo yokudlula, kunye nezicwangciso zokutya. Umntu omnyeMIFARE 1K ikhadi smartinokusingatha ezininzi zezi ngaxeshanye. Amakhadi e-Prox awakwazi.
Ishishini leshishini.Imibutho ephantsi kweSOC 2 Type II okanye ISO 27001 kufuneka ingagqibeki kumakhadi e-smart. Iinkqubo ze-Wiegand{{3}ezisekwe kwi-prox ziya zixhokonxa ngokwandayo kuphicotho lokhuseleko njengolungonelanga kwimo engqongileyo yokuphatha idatha elawulwayo.
Umngcipheko osezantsi{0}}wentengiso.Iofisi encinci, uvimba omnye, okanye indawo yokugcina engenadatha ebuthathaka emva kweengcango zayo - amakhadi eproksi ahlala exabisa{1}}apha. Imodeli yesoyikiso ayizichazi iindleko zeziseko zophuhliso zekhadi elihlakaniphile kwesi sikali.
Ukucwangcisa Ukufuduka: Amanyathelo amahlanu Asebenzayo
Ukukrazula okupheleleyo-kunye{1}}nokubuyisela akufane kufuneke. Uninzi lwemibutho lufuduka kancinci kancinci lusebenzisa{3}}iziseko ezixhaphakileyo, ezigcina iziqinisekiso ezikhoyo zisemthethweni ngelixa zisaziswa emitsha.
1. Hlola inkqubo yakho.Tsala amaphepha athile omfundi ngamnye kwindawo. Chonga ukuba ngabaphi abalawuli bocango abasebenzisa i-Wiegand ngokuchasene ne-OSDP, kwaye ngabaphi abafundi abakwi-firmware -enokuphuculwa. Dwelisa zonke iifomati zekhadi ezisebenzayo.
2. Faka abafundi endaweni yabafundi kuqala.Beka ezimbini{0}}imizekelo yokuphindaphinda kumnyango ngamnye.Dual-inqinisekiso zokuphindaphindakwaye abafundi bavumela amakhadi e-prox aqhubeke esebenza kulo lonke utshintsho - kungabikho luphazamiso lofikelelo ngexesha lefestile yokukhutshwa.
3. Nika amakhadi e-smart kubasebenzisi -abasemngciphekweni omkhulu kuqala.Abalawuli, abalawuli be-IT, igumbi leseva kunye nabagcini bokufikelela kwiziko ledatha - ezi kufuneka zifuduswe zibe liza elinye. A13.56 MHz isitshixo fobisebenza kunye nefomati yekhadi yabasebenzisi abayithandayo.
4. Misela usuku lokutshona kwelanga lekhadi leproksi.Nxibelelana ngomhla othile - ngokwesiqhelo 90 ukuya 180 iintsuku ngaphandle - emva koko 125 kHz iziqinisekiso azisayi kwamkelwa. Anumfundi obhalisiweyoyenza lula ukukhutshwa kobuninzi kubasebenzisi abaseleyo.
5. Khubaza i-125 kHz kwizinto ezimbini-ezifunda rhoqo.Nje ukuba bonke abasebenzisi banamakhadi ahlakaniphileyo, misela abafundi ukwala iinkcazi ezisezantsi-ezifumaneka rhoqo. Oku kuvala umphezulu wohlaselo lwekhadi le-prox ngokusisigxina.
Kwimibutho ekwiindawo ezilawulwayo,NIST SP 800-116 Rev{1}}ibonelela ngesikhokelo sophumezo oluneenkcukacha lwe-PIV-ehambelanayo neenkqubo zesiqinisekiso sofikelelo olusengqiqweni.
Kuthekani NgeeNkcazelo eziphathwayo?
Iinkcazi zeselfowuni - ezigcina iinkcukacha zofikelelo kwi-smartphone nge-NFC okanye ngeBluetooth Amandla aPhantsi - zifumana amandla kubume beshishini. Ityala lokusebenza liyinyani: iziqinisekiso zinokukhutshwa, ziguqulwe, kwaye zirhoxiswe kude ngaphandle kokuchukumisa ikhadi elibonakalayo, elibalulekileyo kwimibutho elawula abasebenzi abakhulu okanye abasasazwayo.
I-tradeoffs nayo iyinyani. Iinkcukacha zeselfowuni zixhomekeke kwimeko yebhetri yesixhobo, ukuhambelana kwe-OS, kunye nesiseko se-MDM. Abakakulungeli jikelele indawo ezilawulwayo okanye{2}}ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Kwimibutho emininzi ngoku, amakhadi ahlakaniphile ahlala engowona mhlaba uphakathi oqinisekisiweyo - ukhuseleke ngakumbi kunamakhadi e-prox, ehambelana ngokubanzi kunokusasazwa ngeselula-kuphela, kwaye exhaswa yi-ecosystem yabafundi kunye nesoftware yolawulo.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ngaba ikhadi elikufutshane linokwenziwa ngaphandle kokwazi umnini-khadi?
A: Ewe. Ngenxa yokuba amakhadi e-prox esasaza isazisi esingafihlwanga nakweyiphi na indawo ehambelanayo, umfundi oyi-125 kHz obekwe kufutshane nomphathi wekhadi - kwilifti okanye kwindawo exineneyo - unokufunda kwaye urekhode inkcazi ngaphandle kokudibana ngokwasemzimbeni. Izixhobo zokukopa zeRFID ezifumanekayo ngokorhwebo zinokubhala ezo ngqiniseko kwikhadi elingenanto. Inkqubo ishiya akukho mkhondo, kwaye umnini-khadi akanalo isalathiso sokuba kwenzeke.
Umbuzo: Ngaba amakhadi okusondela afana namakhadi e-RFID?
A: Amakhadi okusondela yiseti ye-RFID - ngokukodwa i-125 kHz ephantsi-i-frequency RFID. Xa abantu abakulawulo lofikelelo bethelekisa "amakhadi e-RFID" kunye "namakhadi asondele," adla ngokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwamakhadi e-smart 13.56 MHz ala maxesha (afihliweyo, -izicelo ezininzi) kunye namakhadi eprox amadala ayi-125 kHz (engafihlwanga, isazisi esisisigxina kuphela). Ifiziksi esisiseko iyafana; ubunakho kunye neprofayile yokhuseleko ayikho.
Umbuzo: Ngaba ikhadi elihlakaniphile liza kusebenza kwisifundi sekhadi elikufutshane?
A: Hayi. Ikhadi le-smart 13.56 MHz lingaphandle koluhlu lokuphindaphinda komfundi we-125 kHz - akakwazi ukunxibelelana nomnye. Imibutho etshintshayo phakathi kobuxhakaxhaka bumbini ifuna abafundi abaxhasa iifrikhwensi zombini ngaxeshanye, ubuncinci ngexesha lokufuduka.
Umbuzo: Yintoni ikhadi leclamshell - ingaba yiprox okanye ikhadi elihlakaniphile?
A: Ikhadi le-clamshell yifomathi yezindlu, kungekhona iteknoloji. Ibhekisa kwindawo eqinileyo, engqindilili yePVC ekhusela inkcazi ngaphakathi - iluncedo kushishino okanye kubume bendawo yangaphandle. Amakhadi eClamshell asondele kwi-125 kHz; iinguqulelo zekhadi elihlakaniphile lendawo ebiyelweyo iqhuba kwi-13.56 MHz. Ulwakhiwo lwezindlu alutshintshi ukuphindaphindwa okanye inqanaba lokhuseleko lwesiqinisekiso ngaphakathi.
Umbuzo: Ngaba ikhadi lebhanki elingenakuqhagamshelwa likhadi elihlakaniphile?
A: Ngokobuchwephesha, ewe. Amakhadi okuhlawula ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano asebenzisa i-13.56 MHz kunye nomgangatho we-EMV phantsi kwe-ISO/IEC 14443 - i-frequency efanayo kunye nosapho oluchazwe njengolawulo lokufikelela kwamakhadi ahlakaniphile. Iiprothokholi zesicelo kunye nezitshixo ze-cryptographic zithe ngqo kwi-domain yentlawulo, ngoko ke akukho kusebenzisana kunye neenkqubo zokufikelela emnyango. Kodwa iteknoloji ye-chip ephantsi iklasi efanayo.
Umbuzo: Ndingalichaza njani ikhadi endinalo ukuba andinaso isifundi se-NFC?
A: Jonga i-reader efakwe kwiminyango yakho. Iphepha ledatha lenombolo yomfuziselo liya kudwelisa amaza axhasiweyo. Nayiphi na ireferensi "125 kHz," "HID Prox," "EM4100," okanye "TK4100" iqinisekisa inkqubo yekhadi elikufutshane. Ukuba ubona "13.56 MHz," "MIFARE," "ISO 14443," okanye "iCLASS," isiseko sakho solwazi sisekwe kwikhadi elihlakaniphile{8}. Ukuba zombini zivela, sowunenkqubo{10}}emibini yokuphindaphinda.
Umgca ongezantsi
Amakhadi okusondela ayenengqiqo xa ayeyilwa. Zilula, zomelele, kwaye zitshiphu - kwaye nakwiindawo zomngcipheko ophantsi{2}, zisenjalo. Indawo yokhuseleko ebangqongileyo itshintshile. Ukwenza ikhadi leproksi ngoku kubiza amashumi eedola kwaye kuthatha imizuzu. Loo asymmetry kunzima ukuyithethelela nakweyiphi na indawo ekhusela ii-asethi ezibalulekileyo.
Amakhadi e-Smart ayilophuculo olugcinelwe uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweshishini. Ungeno-inqanaba le-MIFARE amakhadi ahlakaniphile axabisa ngaphezulu kancinci kwiyunithi nganye kunamakhadi eproksi asisiseko, kwaye umsantsa weendleko zomfundi unokuvaleka ngezinto ezimbini-eziphindaphindwayo ezigcina imfuduko{3}}iphazamisayo. Inyathelo ekufanele lithathwe kuqala luvavanyo olunyanisekileyo lweyona nto isemva kweminyango yakho - kwaye ingaba isiqinisekiso esinokukhutshelwa buthule epasejini sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokuyikhusela.
Kwiimfuno zenkcaso yesiko kuyo yonke ifom yefom - nokuba amakhadi asemgangathweni,RFID iifobs eziphambili, okanyeiibhanti ze-siliconekukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nosetyenziso lwemisitho - iSyntek ibonelela ngeefomathi ze-125 kHz kunye ne-13.56 MHz kuzo zonke ii-chip eziphambili. Qhagamshelana neqela ukuze uxoxe ngeemfuno zakho zokuqinisekisa.
Thumela u kuphanda