Lenza ntoni i-RFID Card?
Dec 25, 2025
Shiya umyalezo
Lenza ntoni i-RFID Card?
Mhlawumbi ucofe iIkhadi le-RFIDizihlandlo ezininzi kule veki ngaphandle kokucinga ngayo. Isitshixo segumbi lehotele, ibheji yokufikelela kwisakhiwo, mhlawumbi ikhadi lokuhamba{1}}nganye yenze umsebenzi wayo ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha somzuzwana. Uninzi lwabantu alucingi malunga nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na: loo mpompo ilula yabangela iziganeko ze-electromagnetic ezinokuthi zibonakale ngathi yintsomi yesayensi kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo.
Kukho ngaphezulu okuqhubekayo kunokuchonga nje. Into engenabhethri, akukho xhulumaniso olubonakalayo, kwaye akukho malungu ashukumayo alawula ukwenza konke oku ngandlela thile.
Ukuvunwa kwamandla kwenzeka kwiMicroseconds
Bamba ikhadi le-RFID kufutshane nomfundi. Awuzisi nje izinto ezimbini ezisondeleleneyo.
I-eriyali yomfundi ivelisa indawo yemagnethi etshintshanayo kwifrikhwensi ethile (13.56 MHz kumakhadi amaninzi okufikelela kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula). Loo ntsimi ibangela ukuba kubekho i-eriyali yekhoyili yekhadi ngokudibanisa. Ujonge kwisiguquli esidityaniswe ngokukhululekileyo esidada phakathi-komoya.
I-coefficient yokudibanisa phakathi komfundi kunye nekhadi ngokuqhelekileyo ihamba malunga ne-0.01 ukuya ku-0.1. Kuphela liqhezu lemagnethi yomfundi elidibana nekhadi. Kwanele kodwa. Isekethe yokubuyisela ikhadi iguqula i-alternating current ukuya ngqo ngoku kunye ne-65-}73% esebenzayo, nangona amandla okufakwayo ephantsi -12 dBm. Uninzi loyilo lusebenzisa impompo yentlawulo kaDickson okanye ulungelelwaniso lweCMOS oludityanisiweyo. Ngaphakathi kwee-microseconds, i-chip yangaphakathi ivune amandla aneleyo okuvuka, iqhube inkqubo yayo, kwaye iphendule.
13.56 MHz
65-73% Ukusebenza kakuhle
Microseconds
Ifiziksi ifumana ukuchasana. Amandla omhlaba wemagnethi abola ngesantya se-1/r³ ngomgama, yiyo loo nto kufuneka uze nekhadi ngaphakathi kweesentimitha ezimbalwa. Oko kubola ngokukhawuleza kusebenza njengophawu lokhuseleko. Umntu ocholayo kuya kufuneka acinezele umfundi ngokuthe ngqo kwisipaji sakho ukuze akrazule idatha yekhadi lakho.
Eyona nto yenziwa yiChip ngaphaya kokuchongwa
Iitshiphusi zale mihla zipakisha iibhanki ezine zememori eyahlukileyo kwi--millimeter yesilicon.
IBhanki eBekelweyo
Ibamba amasuntswana angama-64 okubulala kunye nokufikelela amagama ayimfihlo. Ezi zezenyani{2}}ziikhowudi zokuzitshabalalisa ezivala ngokusisigxina ithegi ukuba ithotyelwe.
EPC Bank
Igcina iKhowudi yeMveliso yoMbane, ngokwesiqhelo ngamasuntswana angama-96-128 asebenza njengesazisi sekhadi.
Ibhanki ye-TID
Iqulethe isazisi{0}}somenzi othile ongenakuguqulwa, nanini.
Inkumbulo yomsebenzisi
Uluhlu ukusuka ku-zero ukuya kwi-8 kilobits ngokuxhomekeke kwi-chip kwaye ibambe idatha yesicelo esiko.
Ukuphunyezwa kuyahlukana ngokukhawuleza apha. Ikhadi elingundoqo lehotele lingasebenzisa kuphela i-512 bits iyonke, ngokwaneleyo ukungqamanisa inombolo yegumbi kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa. Ikhadi lokuhlawula njengabo basebenzisa i-MIFARE DESFire EV3 isebenzisa i-encryption epheleleyo ye-AES-128 kunye nokuqinisekiswa okufanayo, ukuthumela imiyalezo ekhuselekileyo usebenzisa imigangatho ye-CMAC, kunye neseshini yokuphuma kwesitshixo. Umahluko udlula kwizinto zokuthambisa. Uthelekisa isitshixo onokuthi usikhethe kwimizuzu xa uthelekisa neyokuthatha iinkulungwane ukuqhekeka nakwihardware ezinikeleyo.
Itekhnoloji yememori ngokwayo imisela amandla. Uninzi lwamakhadi asebenzisa i-EEPROM kunye ne-10,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 imijikelezo yokubhala kunye ne-3-10 millisecond amaxesha okubhala. Oko kwanele ukuba ucwangcisa ikhadi kube kanye ukwakha ufikelelo. Iinkqubo zohambo apho amakhadi abhalelwa amaxesha amaninzi yonke imihla? I-EEPROM iyaphuka. Ukuphunyezwa kwePremium sebenzisa i-FRAM (i-Ferroelectric RAM) endaweni yoko, ukufikelela kwiibhiliyoni ezili-10 zokubhala imijikelo kwi-50 nanosecond ngesantya. Oko kungaphaya kwe-1,000 ngokukhawuleza kune-EEPROM ngelixa usebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kwe-100 ngexesha lokufunda.
I-UHF Isebenza kwiFiziksi eyahluke ngokupheleleyo
Ayingawo onke amakhadi eRFID asebenza ngokudibanisa inductive. I-Ultra-ephezulu{2}}iinkqubo zefrikhwensi ezisebenza malunga ne-915 MHz zisebenzisa i-backscatter modulation endaweni-i-eriyali yethegi ibamba amaza ombane kwaye iwabuyisele umva ngelixa imodareyitha icandelo layo lerada{5}}.
Amakhadi e-HF kwi-13.56 MHz max ngaphandle malunga nemitha enye. Iithegi ze-UHF zifundwa rhoqo kwiimitha ezili-10-15. I-tradeoff: Ukusebenza kwe-UHF kuyawa malunga nentsimbi kunye nolwelo. Awusoze ulibone ikhadi lokuhlawula le-UHF kuba isipaji sakho sizele ngamakhadi okuthenga ngetyala siya kudala ikheji yaseFaraday.
IiNqanaba zoKhuseleko ukusuka koKwintlupheko ngokweNtlekele ukuya kwiNqanaba eNgaphukiyo
Yintoni enokwenziwa ngomnye umntu ikhadi lakho le-RFID ngaphandle kwemvume yakho?
Eyaphukileyo
Usapho lwe-MIFARE Classic, olusasazwe kwizigidi zeenkqubo zokufikelela kwisakhiwo kunye nothungelwano oludala lokuhamba, lisebenzisa i-cipher yobunikazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-CRYPTO1 eneqhosha le-48-bit kunye nerejista yokutshintsha impendulo ebuthathaka. Iivektha zohlaselo ezininzi zikhona. Ungqinisiso oluselugcinweni lusebenzisa i-keystreams ukubuyisela izitshixo ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye ngesitshixo ngasinye. Uhlaselo lwe-Darkside lufuna ukusebenzisana komfundi ongu-zero. Abaphandi bafumene i-backdoor ye-hardware kumakhadi e-FM11RF08S ngo-Agasti ka-2024 eyenza ukuba kuthathwe idatha epheleleyo kwiiyure ezimbini nge-bit yomyalelo omnye.
Ukuba isakhiwo sakho sisebenzisa i-MIFARE Classic yokulawula ukufikelela, izitshixo zihombisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Engaqhawukiyo
Amakhadi anamhlanje asebenzisa i-AES{4}}128 uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo malunga ne-3,000-4,000 yesango-elingana nehardware esebenzisa phantsi kwe-9 microamps. Ukwaphula i-AES-128 ngamandla akhohlakeleyo kuya kufuna uvavanyo lwe-2 ^ 128 izitshixo ezinokwenzeka. Elo linani elikhulu kangangokuba ukuba ubunokuqala xa indalo iphela yaqala kwaye wavavanya izitshixo zetriliyoni ngomzuzwana, ubuya kuba usebenza kulo xa ilanga liphelelwa. Iintsapho ze-MIFARE DESFire EV2 kunye ne-EV3 zenza ukuba i-cloning iphantse ingenzeki nokuba umhlaseli angakwazi ukufunda ukuhanjiswa kwamakhadi.
I-Cryptography ayinakukhusela kuhlaselo lwe-relay nangona. Abahlaseli bandisa unxibelelwano olusemthethweni besebenzisa iitransceiver zikanomathotholo. Ezi zibonakaliswe ngokuchasene namakhadi ohambo lwaseDatshi ngeBluetooth kumgama ongaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-50. Ngokusisiseko, umntu unokusebenzisa ikhadi lakho ngelixa lisesepokothweni yakho kwindawo yokupaka. Iiprothokholi zomgama eziqinisekisa ixesha lophawu zinokuzibona ngokuchaneka kwe-100% kunye ne-1% yobuxoki, kodwa uninzi lweenkqubo ezisetyenzisiweyo azinalo olu khuseleko.
Okwenyani-Ukusasazwa kweHlabathi
Disney MagicBand
Iinkqubo ezingaphezu kwe-76 yezigidi zeendwendwe zonyaka zisebenzisa i-Wristbands ze-RFID zokufikelela kwigumbi, ukungena epakini, ugcino lwe-FastPass, ukuthengwa, kunye nongqamaniso lweefoto oluzenzekelayo. Abafundi baqaphela iibhanti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 yeenyawo. Ngaphezulu kwebhiliyoni enye yeedola kutyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo.
Delta Air Lines
Kusasazwe izikena zeRFID ezingama-4,600 kuzo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezingama-84, kuphunyezwa i-99.9% yokuchaneka kokulandelwa kwemithwalo.
Decathlon
Ukusetyenziswa kwandise ukuchaneka kwe-inventri ukusuka kwi-86-90% ukuya kwi-99.2%, ukulahla amaxesha okuphuma ukusuka kwi- 20+ imizuzu ukuya ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye.
Kuthetha ukuthini oku kuye nabani na ophethe amakhadi eRFID amaninzi
Mhlawumbi unamakhadi eRFID amathathu ukuya kwantlanu kwisipaji sakho ngoku. Ukufikelela kwisakhiwo, ukudlula, amakhadi okuhlawula, mhlawumbi ubulungu bejim.
Nganye isebenza kwibhendi yayo yefrikhwensi kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo kokhuseleko. Abaphazamisani omnye nomnye kuba abafundi babuza iiprothokholi ezithile. Umfundi wakho wokufikelela kwisakhiwo ngokoqobo akakwazi ukuthetha nekhadi lakho letyala nokuba uzamile.
Ke yintoni omele uyazi ngezi ubaphetheyo?
Khangela ukuba isakhiwo sakho sisebenzisa i-MIFARE Classic (ukuba ikhadi linenombolo yothotho eprintiweyo, mhlawumbi iyakwenza).
Qwalasela ukuba ikhadi lakho lohambo ligcina ixabiso ekuhlaleni okanye ireferensi yeakhawunti. Ukugcinwa kwendawo kuthetha ukulahlekelwa yikhadi kuthetha ukulahlekelwa yimali.
Amakhadi okuhlawula ungaqhagamshelanisi anokufundwa kumgama weesentimitha ezimbalwa, yiyo loo nto iRFID-i-wallet ethintelayo ikhona. Owona mngcipheko wokuqhuba{2}ngokukhawuleza ushiyeka ubukhulu becala bunikwe imida yekhadi kunye nokuloga kwentengiselwano.
Itekhnoloji ayisiyomlingo kwaye ayimangalisi. Kukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic okanye ukumodareyithwa kwe-backscatter, iisekethe zokuvuna amandla,{1}}inkumbulo engaguquguqukiyo, kunye nemigaqo yonxibelelwano. Yintoni eyenza iphawuleke kukuba yonke le nto ingena kwiphakheji onokuthi uyigobe ngaphandle kokuyaphula, kubiza iipeni ukwenza isikali, kwaye isebenza ngokuthembekileyo ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba wayeka ukucinga ngayo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
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