Yintoni iNFC Tag?
Dec 26, 2025
Shiya umyalezo
Yintoni iNFC Tag?
Mhlawumbi uzibonile ezo zincamathelisi zincinci kwiindawo zokutyela mva nje. E-China bathi "Thepha ukuze u-Order." Ubamba ifowuni yakho ngokuchasene nayo, imenyu iyavela, u-odola ukutya. Akukho app download. Akukho khowudi ye-QR yokuskena. Leyo yi-NFC.
NFC ithegingokwesiseko yitshiphu yeRF ene-eriyali. Akukho bhetri ngaphakathi. Indawo ye-electromagnetic yefowuni yakho iyayixhobisa xa usondela ngokwaneleyo. I-chip iyavuka, ithumele umva nayiphi na idatha egciniweyo, kwaye yonke into yenziwa phantsi kwe-100 millisecond.
Inxalenye abantu abaninzi abayifumanayo
I-NFC yi-RFID. Ngokukodwa iphezulu-ifrikhwensi ye-RFID kwi-13.56 MHz kunye nezinye iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Xa umntu ebuza ukuba asebenzise i-NFC okanye i-RFID, babuza umbuzo ongalunganga. Umbuzo wokwenyani ngowokuba yeyiphi ibhendi yefrikhwensi ehambelana nemeko yokusetyenziswa.
UHF RFID
I-UHF RFID kwi-860-960 MHz inokuskena amawaka eethegi ukusuka kwiimitha kude. Inkulu kwi-inventri ye-warehouse. UZara wenza oku kwiivenkile ezingama-6,000. Kodwa ifowuni yakho ayikwazi ukufunda iithegi ze-UHF. Udinga i-hardware ezinikeleyo.
NFC
I-NFC isebenza ngeefowuni. Ngaphezulu kwe-94% yee-smartphones ezithunyelwe ngo-2024 zine-NFC eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Umsebenzisi-ojongene nosetyenziso apho ufuna abantu banxibelelane besebenzisa izixhobo esele benazo.
Makhe ndichaze ukuba ugqithiso lwamandla lusebenza njani
Apha kulapho ifumana umdla kwimbono yobunjineli.
I-NFC isebenza kwi-13.56 MHz ekunika ubude be-waveleng malunga neemitha ezingama-22. Unxibelelwano lwenzeka mhlawumbi kwiisentimitha ezi-5. Leyo yindlela mfutshane kunobude obunye ngoko ke uqinisekile kwingingqi yentsimi ekufutshane{5}. Ulibale malunga nokusasazwa kwamaza ombane. Okubalulekileyo apha kukudibana komhlaba wemagnethi phakathi kweekhoyili ezimbini ezisebenza okomoya-umguquleli ongundoqo.
I-eriyali yefowuni yenza indawo enemagnethi etshintshanayo. I-eriyali yethegi ihlala kuloo ndawo. Ukutshintsha i-magnetic flux kwi-tag coil kubangela i-voltage. Umjikelo wokulungisa kwitshiphu uguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC. Chip amandla phezulu.
Ukuvunwa kwamandla
I-NXP ithi iitshiphusi zabo zinokuvuna malunga ne-15 milliwatts kule nkqubo. Kwanele ukuqhuba ingqiqo kwaye ufunde / ubhale kwimemori.
Layisha Modulation
Idatha ibuyela umva ngokumodareyitha komthwalo. Ithegi iyatshintsha-tshintsha i-eriyali yayo eyenza ukuba kubekho iiripples kwimo yangoku ye-eriyali yefowuni. Ifowuni ichaza loo maza. Ireyithi esemgangathweni yi-106 kbps. Ezinye iitshiphusi zenza 848 kbps.
Ukukhetha i-chip kulapho iiprojekthi ziphumelela okanye zisilela
Ndifuna ukuchitha ixesha kule nto kuba ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu zikhetha i-chip engalunganga.
IForam ye-NFC ichaza iindidi zethegi. Uhlobo loku-1 luye lwehla ngo-2021. Uhlobo lwesi-3 yi-FeliCa ebaluleke kakhulu e-Japan. Uhlobo 5 lolo{6}}loluhlu olude lokuskena ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 yeemitha kodwa ukhuseleko lusisiseko. Kuninzi lwezicelo zabathengi ukhetha phakathi koHlobo lwesi-2 kunye noHlobo lwesi-4.
Uhlobo 2: Ihashe lomsebenzi
NTAG213, NTAG215, NTAG216
Udidi lwesi-2 luthetha uthotho lwe-NTAG olusuka kwi-NXP. NTAG213, NTAG215, NTAG216. Usapho lwe-chip efanayo nje ngeesayizi ezahlukeneyo zememori.
Inkumbulo Yenyani
Nantsi into ekungekho mntu ukuxelela yona de ufunde i-database ngononophelo. Imemori icwangciswe kumaphepha e-4-byte. I-NTAG213 inamaphepha angama-45 ewonke. Kodwa awukwazi ukuzisebenzisa zonke. Amaphepha 0 ukuya ku-2 aneenkcukacha zomenzi kunye ne-UID. Iphepha lesi-3 nguMgqomo weZakhono. Amaphepha 4 ukuya kuma-39 yinkumbulo yomsebenzisi. Ngamaphepha angama 36 umphinda-phinde ngo 4 bytes ilingana ne 144 bytes onokubhalela kuyo.
Iibytes ezingama-888 zipapashelwe i-NTAG216? Isivumelwano esifanayo. 231 samaphepha ewonke kodwa emva kokuba uthabathe umphezulu ufumana amaphepha angama-222 asebenzisekayo kwii-bytes ezi-4 lilinye.
Ukhuseleko olusisiseko
Ukhuseleko lwegama lokugqithisa lisebenzisa irejista ye-AUTH0 ukuchaza ukuba yeyiphi idilesi yephepha efuna ukuqinisekiswa. Yimise kwi-FFh kwaye ukhuseleko luvaliwe. Yibeke ezantsi kwaye lonke ufikelelo olungentla kwelo phepha lufuna i-32-bit password kuqala. Kukwakho ne-AUTLIM etshixa itshiphu emva kwemizamo emininzi engalunganga. Uqwalaselo ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-7 ukuzama.
Ikhawunta ye-NFC iluncedo ngokwenene kwi-anti{0}}ye-cloning{1}}ye-bit counter oko kunyuswa okuzenzekelayo{2}}kuko konke ukufunda okuyimpumelelo. Ungalijonga eli xabiso kwi-URL yakho ye-NDEF ukuze abancedisi be-backend babone inani eliqengqelekayo. Ukuba umntu udibanisa ithegi yakho, ikhawuntara ayizukuhambelana nento elindelwe ngumncedisi.
Inye into eyasilumayo kwiprojekthi kunyaka ophelileyo. Umxhasi ufuna i-NTAG216 "yegumbi lentloko." Owona msebenzi wawuhlawulelwa ziibhayithi ezingama-70. Ngesebenzise i-NTAG213 ngesiqingatha seendleko. Kodwa eyona ngxaki yayibubukhulu be-antenna. Iichips zememori ezinkulu azidingi ii-eriyali ezinkulu kodwa besiyichazile ifomathi yethegi enkulu elindele ukuzalisa indawo. Kugqitywe ngeendleko ezingeyomfuneko ze-BOM kunye neengxaki ze-inventri. Jonga iimfuno zokwenyani zedatha kuqala.
Uhlobo lwesi-4 luyilo olwahlukileyo
I-NTAG424 DNA yeyona nto iphambili apha. Iikhrayitheriya eziqhelekileyo EAL4 iqinisekisiwe. Isebenzisa i-ISO 7816-4 yesakhiwo senkqubo yefayile endaweni yememori yephepha elisicaba. 416 iibytes ezicwangciswe njengeSikhongozelo sokuSebenza kunye nefayile yeNDEF kunye nefayile yobunini.
Imodeli yokhuseleko yahluke ngokupheleleyo. AES-128 uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo. Imowudi ye-LRP yecala -lokumelana nohlaselo lomjelo. Okuthathu{7}kupasisa ukuqinisekiswa okufanayo. Uqinisekiso lomyalezo we-SUN luvelisa ii-URL zexesha elinye kunye nemisayino ye-CMAC. Yonke impompo ivelisa uphawu olulodwa lwe-cryptographic.
Ukusetyenziswa okuLuxury
Iimveliso zodidi oluphezulu zisebenzisa oku kakhulu. I-LVMH, iPrada, iCartier yenza i-Aura consortium kwi-2021 yokuqinisekisa imveliso. Ngaphezulu kwe-70 yezigidi zeemveliso ezibhalisiweyo njenge-2025 ngokwendawo yazo. ULouis Vuitton kuthiwa wabona izikhalazo zomgunyathi zehla nge-30% emva kokuthunyelwa. Andikwazanga ukuliqinisekisa elo nani kwimithombo yokuqala ke ngoko lithathe njengoko kuxeliwe.
Unyamezelo
Ukubhala unyamezelo kwi-NTAG424 DNA yi-200,000 yemijikelo xa ithelekiswa ne-100,000 ye-NTAG21x. Ukugcinwa kwedatha yiminyaka engama-50 xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka eyi-10. Ezi zinto zibalulekile kwizicelo zamashishini apho iithegi zibhalwa rhoqo.
Uyilo lwezakhiwo
ISO 7816-4 inkqubo yeefayile. Ukuqinisekiswa komyalezo weLANGA. Uqinisekiso lwempumelelo emithathu. Umqondiso we-cryptographic owahlukileyo ngokumpompoza.
Ingxaki yentsimbi
Oku kuvela rhoqo. Umntu ufuna ukubeka iithegi ze-NFC kwiimveliso zetsimbi kwaye ufumanisa ukuba azisebenzi.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba isinyithi sisebenza njengomqhubi kwindawo eguqukayo yamagnetic. Umthetho kaFaraday. Imisinga ye-Eddy yenzela ngaphakathi kwesinyithi kwaye yenze intsimi yamagnetic echasayo ngokomthetho weLenz. I-antenna inductance yakho iyehla. Q-amatanki ezinto. I-resonant frequency isuka kude ne-13.56 MHz. Umgama wokufunda uya ku-zero.
Isisombululo esisemgangathweni ishidi le-ferrite phakathi kwe-antenna kunye nesinyithi. I-ferrite ifunxa kwaye iqondise kwakhona i-flux magnetic. Ufumana kwakhona inductance kwaye i-eriyali iqala ukusebenza kwakhona.
ISILUMKISO
Kodwa nantsi into eyenziwa ngamaphepha emveliso ayigxininisi. UFerrite uyanceda kodwa usadinga ukuphinda{1}}ulungise inethiwekhi yakho ehambelanayo. Enye iprojekthi esiye sasebenza kuyo yaba nomgama wokubona wehla ukusuka kwi-80mm kwiplastiki ukuya kwi-30mm eneferrite kwintsimbi. Emva kokuphinda-kuthelekise uthintelo sibuyele kwi-61mm. Ayilunganga njengeplastiki kodwa iyasebenza.
Ukuba uqulunqa iindawo zetsimbi, ixesha lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lohlengahlengiso oluphindaphindiweyo. Uya kufuna i-VNA okanye ubuncinane imitha ye-LCR. I-NXP inesixhobo sokuyila i-eriyali kodwa amaxabiso emveliso ngamanqaku okuqala hayi iimpendulo zokugqibela.
Ukuhambelana kwefowuni inyaniso
Android Ecosystem
I-Android ibinobuhlobo kwi-NFC ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala. I-HCE kwi-Android 4.4 vumela ii-apps zilinganise amakhadi ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo. Ukufunda/ukubhala kusebenza kuyo nayiphi na ifowuni ye-Android ene-NFC.
I-Apple Lag
I-Apple yayiyingxaki iminyaka. I-iPhone 6 yayine-NFC ngo-2014 kodwa yayitshixiwe kwi-Apple Pay. I-iOS 11 ngo-2017 ivunyelwe ukufunda idatha ye-NDEF. I-iOS 13 yongeza ukubhala. Isakhawulelwe ekusebenzeni kwangaphambili kwizixhobo ezindala.
Inguquko (2024)
EyeThupha ngo-2024 iApple yabhengeza ukufikelela kwichip yeNFC kubaphuhlisi beqela lesithathu eqala nge-iOS 18.1. Oku kubalulekile. Iibhanki kunye nabathengisi banokuzakhela ii-apps zabo zokuhlawula ngoku. Amaza okuqala agubungela i-US, UK, Japan, Australia kunye namanye amazwe ambalwa.
Ukuziqhelanisa ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini ekugqibeleni unokucinga ukuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi banokucofa iithegi ze-NFC ngaphandle kweqonga lefowuni. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwafuneka sichaze imida ye-iOS kuyo yonke iprojekthi. Loo ncoko ubukhulu becala iphelile.
Inqaku elikhawulezayo kwimigangatho
ISO/IEC 14443
I-ISO/IEC 14443 igubungela amakhadi e-smart ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano. Iinkqubo zokumodareyitha zodidi A kunye noHlobo lwe-B. Esi sisiseko se-Type 2 kunye ne-Type 4 tags.
ISO/IEC 18092
I-ISO/IEC 18092 yi-NFCIP-1, inkqubo yonxibelelwano yesixhobo. Inguqulelo yangoku ngo-2023.
ISO/IEC 15693
I-ISO/IEC 15693 ngamakhadi ommandla apho udidi lwesi-5 lwakha phezu kwalo.
Iforamu ye-NFC
IForam ye-NFC ipapasha iinkcukacha zomiliselo ngaphezulu kwezi. Iinkcazo zodidi lwethegi, ifomathi ye-NDEF, iindidi zerekhodi. Zonke ziyafumaneka kwi-nfc{2}}forum.org.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-15 kwaphuma ngoJuni 2025 kwaye kwandiswa umgama wonxibelelwano oluqinisekisiweyo ukusuka kwi-0.5cm ukuya kwi-2cm. Yenza ulungelelwaniso lungabi lula.
Ke yintoni ithegi ye-NFC
Isixhobo se-Passive RF. Ixhaswe yi-electromagnetic coupling kwi-13.56 MHz. Igcina idatha kwifomathi esemgangathweni ye-NDEF. Ifundeka ngayo nayiphi na i-NFC{4}}i-smartphone esebenzayo. Uluhlu lwenkumbulo ukusuka kumashumi ebyte ukuya phantse kwikhilobhayithi ngokuxhomekeke kwitshiphu. Ukhuseleko luluhlu ukusuka kukhuseleko olusisiseko lwe-password ukuya kwi-AES-128 kunye ne-cryptographic authentication.
Khetha uhlobo 2 NTAG21x ngeendleko{2}}usetyenziso olunovakalelo lwabathengi. Khetha Uhlobo 4 NTAG424 DNA xa ufuna ukhuseleko lokwenyani. Iakhawunti yokuphazamiseka kwesinyithi kuyilo lomatshini. Uvavanyo kwiifowuni ekujoliswe kuzo hayi iibhodi ze-dev kuphela.
Eso sisishwankathelo esisebenzayo.
Thumela u kuphanda